It takes a village to educate a rural girl
The Commission on the Status of Women, a UN commission dedicated exclusively to promoting gender equality and advancement of women, has made the empowerment of rural women and girls its priority for the year to come. In my opinion, it’s of course a noble cause but empowering rural girls in the developing world is going to take a village (to borrow a line from Hillary Clinton).
Nothing illustrates this better than the story of Jackline Mantaine Lemeria, a young Maasai girl, who, at the age of 14, was brave enough to run away from an arranged marriage in her community. Jackline found shelter at the Tasaru Girls Rescue Center, a safe haven based in Narok (a town west of Nairobi, the capital of Kenya) protecting girls from child marriage and genital mutilation and she was able to attend school. With the encouragement of Agnes Pareiyo, the founder of the shelter, Jackline went one (huge) step further. She managed to reconcile with her father convincing him not only that she had made the right decision for herself but also not to arrange early marriages for her younger sisters.
As Scott Baldauf pointed out in his Christian Science Monitor’s article about the Tasaru Girl Rescue Center, “changing en entire culture –particularly a very distinctive one, such as the Maasai people’s- can be a difficult process (…) The key ingredient, activists say, is the consent of the people who find meaning from that culture”. Tanya Pergola, who runs “an organization in Tanzania that combines ancient wisdom with modern technology to create sustainable community development projects”, noted in a conversation [published here] (http://blog.tedx.com/post/5607552196/connecting-the-dots-a-conversation-on-maasai-culture), that many people in the Maasai community “don’t see the benefit of having their children leave their positions as cattle herders and nurturers of home and family to attend classes in far-away schools which often do not lead to decent employment opportunities”.
The approach taken by the Maasai Girls Education Fund, a nonprofit organization which provides scholarships to girls who have never enrolled in school, or who would be forced to drop out of school for cultural or economic reasons, therefore makes a lot of sense. “To have a significant impact, the education of girls must go hand-in-hand with the education of the community in which they live”, states the MGEF on its website. In other words, it takes a village to educate a rural girl….
@© UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1782/Giacomo Pirozzi
Join UNICEF today at 3pm (EST) for a Livestream Q&A with Ishmael Beah
Make sure you tune in for the UNICEF Q&A with Ishmael Beah today at 3 pm (EST) on www.livestream.com/unicef . Ishmael will answer your questions around the issue of the recruitment of child soldiers.
Use the hashtag #childsoldiers on Twitter to chat with Ishmael! You can also ask us here and we will forward your questions to him.
Fighting malnutrition in Ethiopia
GETER MEDA, Ethiopia, 24 January 2012 – Seven-month-old Aynadis played with her mother, Seta Temesgen, as they waited to be screened at the Geter Meda Health Post. Several weeks ago, Aynadis was diagnosed with severe acute malnutrition – a condition that can be deadly if untreated.
“We don’t stay at home to feed them,” she said about mothers in their agrarian community. “We spend our day in the fields, and the babies spend the day on our backs… If we are working, we don’t want to miss the work, so we only feed them when they start crying, and that harms them.”
But Aynadis is fortunate. She was referred to the village’s outpatient therapeutic feeding programme (OTP), where she has been receiving life-saving treatment. Today’s check-up will show how much progress she has made since her diagnosis.
Treating malnutrition at the village level
Geter Meda is located in Lasta District, Amhara Region, an area that was affected by the two great famines of the late twentieth century, those of 1973–74 and 1984–85. A lot has changed since those crises, when there were no government systems in place to adequately respond to droughts or the nutritional needs of affected communities.
In 2004, the Government of Ethiopia, with support from partners including UNICEF, rolled out the Health Extension Programme, which trained more than 30,000 health extension workers to provide an integrated package of health, nutrition and sanitation services to largely rural populations.
The health extension workers – who are mostly women – are assigned to village health posts, where they are supported by volunteer community health workers. Every three months, these health workers and volunteers conduct Community Health Days for children under age 5 and for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. These children and women receive vaccinations, vitamin A supplements, deworming tablets, malnutrition screenings, as well as counseling on health, nutrition and sanitation issues. Children identified with severe acute malnutrition – but without complications such as fever – are referred to health posts for outpatient therapeutic feeding.
This programme has had major success identifying and treating severe acute malnutrition. National capacity to treat this deadly condition at the community level has grown from almost zero in 2004. Prior to the introduction of village-level OTPs, people with severe acute malnutrition needed to go to the nearest health center or hospital, many hours or even days away. Village-level OTPs now cover an average population of 5,000 people each.
According to the Ministry of Health, more than 300,000 severely malnourished children were treated in eight drought-affected regions of Ethiopia between January and November 2011 – with an 84 per cent cure rate and 0.6 per cent death rate.
Preventing future malnutrition
Habtam Byabel, a health extension worker at the Geter Meda Health Post, is conducting weekly check-ups for children in the OTP.
She counsels the patients’ mothers, then weighs the children and checks their mid-upper arm circumference – a measure of their nutritional status. Before they leave, Ms. Byabel gives them ready-to-use therapeutic foods for the week.
“She told me to prepare porridge made from ingredients that we have available at home,” Ms. Temesgen said after her consultation. “Also give her one and a half of these [ready-to-use therapeutic foods] together with your breast milk.”
And Aynadis will not only receive treatment, she will also get help avoiding malnutrition in the future. Geter Meda’s community-based nutrition programme offers monthly growth monitoring for children under 2 years old, and conducts community discussions at which villagers can identify problems that may result in malnutrition. Then, together with health workers, villagers agree on plans to resolve these problems.
These activities have greatly improved the nutritional status of children like Aynadis. Even during 2011, a drought year, the number of children participating in Geter Meda’s OTP had declined from the year before.
“Last year we had eight children in the OTP. Now we have three. When these children are discharged we don’t expect that there will be any more,” said Ms. Byabel. “My vision, when it comes to nutrition,” she continued, “is for all the children to be healthy and to grow up to be productive citizens.”
India records one year without polio cases
ATLANTA/EVANSTON, Ill./GENEVA/NEW YORK/SEATTLE, 12 January 2012 – India appears to have interrupted wild poliovirus transmission, tomorrow completing one year without polio since its last case, in a 2-year-old girl in the state of West Bengal, on 13 January 2011.
India was once recognized as the world’s epicentre of polio. If all pending laboratory investigations return negative, in the coming weeks India will officially be deemed to have stopped indigenous transmission of wild poliovirus. The number of polio-endemic countries, those which have never stopped indigenous wild poliovirus transmission, will then be reduced to a historical low of three: Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria.
However, there remains no room for complacency. India must maintain sensitive surveillance and high childhood immunity against wild poliovirus to guard against any importation of polio until eradication is achieved globally. In 2011, Pakistan and Afghanistan have both seen alarming increases in polio cases, and poliovirus from Pakistan re-infected China (which had been polio-free since 1999). In Africa, active polio transmission continues in Nigeria, Chad and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with outbreaks in West and Central Africa in the past 12 months reminding the world that as long as polio exists anywhere, it remains a threat everywhere.
Global health leaders today paid tribute to the Government of India for its leadership and financial commitment to the polio eradication effort, and to the millions of vaccinators, community mobilizers, Rotarians, parents and caregivers who have supported polio eradication for more than a decade. The scale of the eradication effort in India is mind-boggling: each year, more than 170 million children under the age of 5 are vaccinated in two national immunization campaigns, with up to 70 million children in the highest-risk areas vaccinated multiple times in additional special campaigns; the whole effort requires nearly a billion doses of oral polio vaccine annually.
India’s achievement in stopping polio will save hundreds of thousands of children from lifelong paralysis or death each year. Poliovirus can travel easily to polio-free areas. Stopping polio in India will prevent a recurrence of the polio outbreaks – due to virus of Indian origin – seen in recent years in countries as diverse as Angola, Bangladesh, Nepal, Tajikistan, and Russia.
"India’s success is arguably its greatest public health achievement and has provided a global opportunity to push for the end of polio," said World Health Organization Director-General Margaret Chan. “The Global Polio Eradication Initiative is in full emergency mode and focused on using this momentum to close this crippling disease down. Stopping polio in India required creativity, perseverance and professionalism – many of the innovations in polio eradication were sparked by the challenges in India. The lessons from India must now be adapted and implemented through emergency actions to finish polio everywhere.”
The key to India’s remarkable progress in the fight against polio according to UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake, has been the strong leadership of the Government of India and state governments, which launched a comprehensive polio eradication programme that has enabled sustained high immunization coverage in states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar with high rates of poverty, high population density and poor sanitation and infrastructure, conditions in which disease like polio can thrive.
“India’s achievement is proof positive that we can eradicate polio even in the most challenging environments — in fact, it is only by targeting these areas that we can defeat this evil disease,” Mr Lake said. “We have the ability to protect every last person, especially children, from this entirely preventable disease — and because we can, we must finish the job of eradicating polio globally, once and for all."
Rotary International first launched the global polio eradication effort in 1985, and President Kalyan Banerjee said that with the intensity of transmission in India, many experts had predicted it would be the last country in the world to achieve eradication. “India is undoubtedly the biggest domino to fall in the polio eradication effort,” Mr Banerjee said. “India’s success is a great credit to the Indian government and to Indian Rotary members – as well as those from around the world – who have worked with local leaders to conduct these immunization efforts to reach every child with the polio vaccine."
Like all countries that have stopped indigenous wild poliovirus transmission, India must continue to protect its children through supplementary immunization activities and improved routine immunization coverage rates or risk a potentially horrific re-importation event, said the Director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dr. Thomas Frieden. “Polio’s history contains many cautionary tales,” Dr. Frieden added. “Polio anywhere in the world is a risk everywhere in the world, and to protect itself from a setback, India is appropriately planning to continue meticulous monitoring and intensive childhood vaccination against polio.”
“Polio can be stopped when countries combine the right elements – political will, quality immunization campaigns, and an entire nation’s determination” said Bill Gates, co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. “World leaders must continue to raise the funds needed to run the global campaign and help to ensure that no child suffers from this crippling disease ever again.”
With India’s achievement, the global polio eradication effort now focuses on improving the implementation of emergency operations plans in Pakistan, Nigeria and Chad. Success depends on local ownership and accountability at all levels of government and international partners.
Special Focus theme: The road to the UN High Level Dialogue on Migration and Development 2013
Hopefully there will be a Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD) in 2012 and the UN will host a major debate on migration and development 2013 at the UN High Level Dialogue. Do you think the UN and the GFMD should give more attention to the topic of youth migration - its positive and negative implications for development in countries of origin, transit and destination? If so, why? And on what specific theme do you think they should focus?
Gender and Age focus
A UN reports states, women and girls now make up half of all international migrants, totalling 95 million What does this figure state/say to you? Does it represent the inequality women face in the workforce and/or lack of educational opportunities in their country of origin? How do we ensure that migration policies are child, youth, and gender-sensitive as most of the time it is children and women that are put in highly risk situations in the host and/or home nation?
¡Unte a Calle 13, UNICEF y MTV en la lucha contra la trata de personas!
Calle 13 presenta el documental “Invisible Slaves” (Esclavos invisibles) y dona los derechos de su canción “Prepárame la cena” para dar más visibilidad a la campaña.
Tr3s y MTV Latin America estrenan el 29 de noviembre un influyente documental y un nuevo video musical.
NUEVA YORK, 21 de noviembre de 2011 – Calle 13, una banda ganadora de 19 premios Grammy Latino, se une hoy a UNICEF, MTV Latin America y Tr3s: MTV, Música y Más para lanzar la campaña de MTV EXIT contra la trata y explotación de personas en América Latina y en las comunidades hispanas de Estados Unidos. La campaña multimedia se propone llegar a los jóvenes de habla hispana de América Latina y Estados Unidos para aumentar su conocimiento sobre la trata y explotación de personas y prevenir este flagelo mediante contenidos creativos, interacción por medios digitales, eventos comunitarios y oportunidades de participación directa. www.mtvexit.org/la
Atraídos por falsas promesas de una vida mejor, al menos 550,000* niños, niñas, adolescentes y jóvenes caen víctimas de la trata en América Latina y el Caribe. Con frecuencia, estas víctimas son forzadas a tener relaciones sexuales sin protección y a consumir drogas, lo cual aumenta su riesgo de contraer el VIH.
“La juventud es nuestro futuro y en vez de explotarlos tenemos que educarlos,” dijo Residente de Calle 13. “estamos muy orgullosos de formar parte de esta campaña, y buscamos trabajar con MTV y UNICEF sobre otros temas relevantes como la educación.” Agrego.
“Cada vez más adolescentes y jóvenes son vulnerables a la trata y la explotación en la región. Podemos reducir sus riesgos si les brindamos la educación y las herramientas necesarias para protegerse”, declaró el director regional de UNICEF para América Latina y el Caribe, Bernt Aasen. “La alianza que se inaugura hoy con Calle 13, MTV Latin America y Tr3s, todos referentes culturales muy importantes para los jóvenes, nos permite llegar a millones de posibles víctimas comunicándonos con ellas directamente y usando su lenguaje”.
Desde 2004, MTV EXIT ha producido galardonados componentes de medios de comunicación relativos a la trata de personas, valiéndose de canciones, películas y celebridades influyentes, y ha distribuido contenido innovador y creativo en más de 40 idiomas para un público joven de toda Asia y Europa. Calle 13 se une hoy a una influyente lista de famosos como Angelina Jolie, The Killers, Radiohead, Muse, Jered Leto y Lucy Lui, quienes han producido contenido innovador para ampliar el potente mensaje de MTV EXIT acerca de la esclavitud de la era moderna. René y Eduardo son los presentadores de un documental sobre cómo este problema mundial afecta a América Latina. El documental incluirá entrevistas personales con jóvenes latinoamericanos que han sido afectados por la trata y la explotación. Calle 13 también donó los derechos de Prepárame la Cena, una canción de su último álbum, Entren los que Quieran, para el video musical de la campaña.
“Si logramos usar el poder de nuestras marcas para promover los derechos humanos y echar luz sobre la cuestión de la trata y la explotación en los medios de comunicación, habremos dado un importante paso hacia la creación de conciencia y la protección de los jóvenes”, declaró Mario Cader-Frech, vicepresidente de Asuntos Públicos y Responsabilidad Social Corporativa de MTV Latin America y Tr3s.
UNICEF trabaja activamente para prevenir la trata y la explotación en América Latina y el Caribe, principalmente con el apoyo del gobierno de Italia. La protección de la infancia comienza por la prevención. UNICEF y sus asociados se ocupan de las causas profundas de la trata, lo cual es esencial en la lucha contra este delito internacional.
La campaña de MTV EXIT seguirá ampliándose en América Latina mediante comunicados de prensa, eventos locales y actividades con niños, niñas, adolescentes y jóvenes. Otros asociados, como la Fundación Panamericana para el Desarrollo (PADF, por sus siglas en inglés) y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) se unirán a la iniciativa en próximos proyectos.
- “Every Child Counts New Global Estimates on Child Labour,”:IPEC—SIMPOC.2002:27.
Para obtener más información, visite: www.mtvexit.org/la Síganos en: Facebook-- MTVExitla y Twitter @MTVExitla
Viacom International Media Networks The Americas, una unidad de Viacom Inc. (NYSE: VIA, VIA.B), es propietaria y operadora de la cartera de marcas de entretenimiento de la compañía, que comprende MTV, Nickelodeon, Comedy Central, VH1 y sus respectivas propiedades en los países hispanohablantes de América Latina, así como Viacom Networks Brazil. Además, la cartera incluye Tr3s: MTV, Música y Más en Estados Unidos, que llegan a un amplio público hispano en Estados Unidos, y las asociaciones de programación de MTV Networks International en Canadá con Corus Entertainment para Nickelodeon y CTV Globe Media para MTV, Comedy Central y Vh1. Los nuevos negocios multiplataforma de la compañía incluyen sitios web de RED Viacom con 20 Music, Kids & Family, Tweens, Gamers y Entertainment, así como la oferta de alta definición con MTV Live HD, NickelodeonHD y VH1HD en toda América Latina. VIMN The Americas también sirve a un creciente número de consumidores conectados por vía digital a través de los siguientes sitios web: mtvla.com, mundonick.com, comedycentral.la, comedycentral.com.br, vh1la.com, vh1brasil.com.br, tr3s.com, mtv.ca y nickcanada.com, como también a través de sus sitios comunitarios y de banda ancha: mtvrevolution.com, mundonick.com/nickturbo, mtvmusica.com, neopets.com y mtvdemo.com.
Acerca de UNICEF UNICEF trabaja sobre el terreno en más de 150 países y territorios para ayudar a los niños y las niñas a sobrevivir y avanzar en la vida, desde la primera infancia hasta la adolescencia. El mayor proveedor de vacunas para los países en desarrollo, UNICEF apoya la salud y la nutrición de la infancia, agua y saneamiento adecuados, educación básica de calidad para todos los niños y niñas, y la protección de los niños y las niñas contra la violencia, la explotación y el SIDA. UNICEF está financiado en su totalidad por las contribuciones voluntarias de individuos, empresas, fundaciones y gobiernos. Para obtener más información sobre UNICEF y su obra, visite: www.unicef.org
Join Calle 13, UNICEF and MTV in the fight against Human Trafficking!
Calle 13 hosts the documentary “Invisible Slaves” and donates their song “Preparame la Cena” to further drive awareness to the campaign
Powerful documentary & new music video premier on Tr3s & MTV Latin America on November 29th
NEW YORK, UNITED NATIONS November 21 2011 – Nineteen-time Latin Grammy winners Calle 13 joined forces with UNICEF, MTV Latin America and Tr3s: MTV, Música y Más today to launch the MTV EXIT (End Exploitation and Trafficking) campaign within Latin American and US Hispanic communities. The multi-media campaign aims to reach Spanish-speaking youth in Latin America and the US to increase awareness and prevention around human trafficking and exploitation through creative content, digital media interaction, community events and opportunities for direct participation. www.mtvexit.org/la
Lured by false promises offering opportunities for a better life, at least 550,000* children, adolescents and youth have become victims of trafficking in Latin America and the Caribbean; often forced into unsafe sexual practices and drug use, they are at a heightened risk of contracting HIV.
“Youth is our future and we need to educate them not exploit them,” said Residente de Calle 13. “We are thrilled to be supporting this campaign and look forward to working with MTV and UNICEF to address other related issues like education.” He added.
“Increasingly adolescents and young people are vulnerable to being trafficked and exploited in the region. We can reduce the risks they are exposed to if we provide them with the necessary education and tools to protect themselves," said UNICEF Regional Director for Latin America and the Caribbean, Bernt Aasen. “The partnership that launches today with Calle 13, MTV Latin America and Tr3s--- key cultural references for young people-- allows us to reach millions of potential victims by communicating with them directly, using their language."
Since 2004, MTV EXIT has produced award-winning media components on the issue of human trafficking through influential music, film, and celebrities, and distributed innovative and creative content in over 40 languages to youth audiences, throughout Asia and Europe. Calle 13 joins a powerful list of celebrities including Angelina Jolie, The Killers, Radiohead, Muse, Jered Leto and Lucy Lui, who have all produced innovative content to amplify MTV EXIT’s powerful message about modern day slavery. Residente and Visitante host a documentary to address how this global issue is affecting Latin America. The documentary will include first-hand interviews with young Latin Americans who have been affected by trafficking and exploitation. Calle 13 also donated the rights of Preparame la Cena, a song from their most recent award-winning album Entren los que Quieran, for the music video for the campaign
“If we can use the power of our brands to promote human rights and bring this issue of trafficking and exploitation to light in the media, we will take an important step forward in raising awareness and protecting youth,” said Mario Cader-Frech, Vice President, Public Affairs and Corporate Social Responsibility for MTV Latin America & Tr3s. UNICEF is actively working to prevent trafficking and exploitation in Latin America and the Caribbean, mainly with support from the Italian Government. Protecting children begins with prevention. UNICEF and its partners address the root causes of trafficking, essential in the fight against this global crime.
The MTV EXIT campaign will continue to expand in Latin America through mass media broadcasts, local events and activities with children, adolescents and youth. Other partners, such as PADF (Pan American Development Foundation) and the IDB (Interamerican Development Bank) will join the initiative in upcoming projects.
For more information, please visit: www.mtvexit.org/la Follow us on: Facebook-- MTVExitla and Twitter @MTVExitla
Civil Society theme 4: Investing in Development Alternatives to Migration
While migration can promote development in countries of origin and destination countries, it can also have negative consequence on the development of countries of origin. This is the case especially for developing countries where skilled workers, like teachers and doctors, choose to migrate. This is what is known as “brain drain”; in fact, for instance the shortfall in the number of doctors and teachers could have a direct negative impact on the health and educational needs of young people.
What significance do you feel this plays in the overall development of the developing nation?
In the other hand, Diaspora communities, including youth groups, have been known to contribute to the development of their countries of origin in diverse ways, one of which is volunteering. How does the migration of skilled workers affect your community or country? How can governments address the challenge of “brain drain?” What could countries of origin do to avoid high scale migration of skilled workers? What could Diaspora youth do to contribute to the development of their countries of origin? How can governments and development stakeholders create opportunities for young people to develop their skills in order to promote development in their countries of origin?
Civil Society theme 2 & 3: Improving Protection of Migrants Moving or Working in Irregular Circumstances. Re-imagining Labour Mobility
Here is our second question for you. Let us hear your opinion and then pass it on to policy makers!
The main reason why young people attempt to migrate is to find the decent work opportunities they struggle to find in their country of origin. In so doing, some of them travel without legal travel documentation while others overstay their permit in a country of destination. Additionally some employment, such as agriculture, home care, food processing, construction and entertainment (including the sex industry), turn out to be irregular or undocumented types of labour. This means that young migrant workers can easily become vulnerable to smugglers, with limited or no access to justice.
In what ways can governments and other development stakeholders, including civil society organizations, address the causes and implications of irregular or undocumented migration of and for young people? What could be done or done better to support young people who felt the need to migrate in an undocumented or irregular manner?
Civil Society theme 1: Rights-based Policy-making for the Benefit of Migrant Workers and Families
In anticipation of the Global Forum on Migration and Development Civil Society Days (29th and 30th of November). Voices of Youth wants to hear your voice about issues that affect young people and motivate migration. During the next few days we will ask you one question about migration per day and we are really interested to hear what you have got to say about the issue. Make your voice heard!
There are interlinkages between migration and development. The underlying question is how could a humane or migrant rights-based approach in migration polices facilitate the contributions of young migrants to the development of their countries of origin, transit and destination?
Migration can enhance the livelihood of families and the wellbeing of children. Conversely its social cost implications can impact negatively on the wellbeing of children because of abandonment, alienation of children and difficulty of maintaining family ties. Most policy and social protection measures regarding families focus on the individual worker and not their family members like children and youth who are left behind by migration. How has the migration of your parents or guardians affected your wellbeing? In a positive or negative manner? What would you tell your government, or other stakeholders including NGOs who are working towards improving the wellbeing of children of migrants who remain in their country of origin?
Pourquoi de plus en plus d'étudiants vont faire leurs études à l'étranger?
Selon les données de l’Institut de Statistique du Fonds des Nations Unies pour l’Education, la Science et la Culture (UNESCO), 165 millions d’individus étaient scolarisés dans l’enseignement tertiaire (supérieur) dans le monde en 2009. Ce qui représentait une augmentation de 65 millions d’étudiants (65%) en comparaison à 2000. Sur la même période (2000-2009), L’effectif d’étudiants en formation à l’étranger est passé de 2,1 à 3,7 millions.
A partir des données contenus dans le rapport Regard sur l’éducation 2011 de l’OCDE (Organisation de Coopération et le Développement Economique), nous vous proposons un résumé de quelques indicateurs relatifs aux étudiants étrangers (ceux qui ne sont pas ressortissants du pays dans lequel ils sont en formation) ou en mobilité internationale (qui se sont rendus à l’étranger dans l’intention d’y faire des études).
Evolution et tendance
Depuis 2000, l’effectif des étudiants en formation à l’étranger dans l’enseignement tertiaire a progressé de 77 % dans le monde, soit une moyenne de 6,6 % par an ; et de 79 % dans les pays de l’OCDE, 6,7 % par an en moyenne. Cette logique de croissance existe depuis les trente dernières années : les étudiants étrangers ont plus que quadruplé vu qu’ils sont passés de 0,8 million en 1975 à 3,7 millions en 2009. Parmi ces 3,7 millions, on dénombre 2,6 étudiants étrangers non européens et qui se forment dans les 21 pays européens membres de l’OCDE.
Qui étudie à l’étranger ?
Les effectifs les plus élevés d’étudiants en mobilité internationale sont originaires de Chine, de Corée et d’Inde. Les étudiants asiatiques représentent 52 % de l’effectif mondial d’étudiants en formation à l’étranger.
Principaux pays et zones d’accueil des étudiants étrangers:
Selon les chiffres de 2009, la moitié des étudiants étrangers se répartissent entre cinq pays seulement: les États-Unis (18 %), le Royaume-Uni (10 %), l’Australie (7 %), l’Allemagne (7 %) et la France (7 %). Outre ces cinq pays, le Canada (5 %), le Japon (4 %), la Fédération de Russie (4 %) et l’Espagne (2 %) attirent un nombre important d’étudiants étrangers.
On note aussi que le choix des pays d’études se fait en fonction de la langue parlée et employée dans l’enseignement. C’est pourquoi les pays ou l’enseignement est dispensé dans des langues largement répandues (ce qui est le cas de l’allemand, l’anglais, l’espagnol, le français et le russe) sont, en toute logique, ceux qui accueillent le plus d’étudiants étrangers.
Domaines d’études les plus attractifs pour les étudiants en mobilité internationale
En comparaison avec l’ensemble des étudiants dans l’espace OCDE, les étudiants en mobilité internationale sont plus nombreux à suivre des études en rapport avec les sciences sociales, le commerce ou le droit, en particulier en Australie, en Estonie, aux Pays-Bas et au Portugal. Les étudiants en mobilité internationale en Europe orientale, en Belgique, en Espagne et en Italie tendent à opter pour une formation en rapport avec la santé.
Justification de la réalisation des études à l’étranger
Selon l’OCDE, s’inscrire dans un établissement d’enseignement tertiaire à l’étranger est l’un des moyens qui s’offrent aux étudiants désireux de mieux connaître des cultures et d’apprendre une langue étrangère et permettant d’améliorer leurs perspectives professionnelles dans des secteurs où le marché du travail est mondialisé, par exemple dans les multinationales ou la recherche.
De plus, le rapport note que l’internationalisation de l’enseignement tertiaire peut aussi permettre à des systèmes d’éducation plus modestes et/ou moins développés d’améliorer leur efficacité.
Pour finir, le choix de domaines d’études différents de ceux des étudiants locaux suggère soit la spécialisation des pays d’accueil dans les domaines les plus prisés, soit le manque de formations dans ces domaines dans les pays d’origine.
« C’est Dieu qui donne les enfants »
Depuis le 31 octobre 2011, nous sommes officiellement sept milliards de personnes sur terre. Mais pour Ban Ki-Moon, Secrétaire Général de l’ONU, comme le note Afrik.com, au-delà du chiffre, ce sont « sept milliards de personnes [qui] ont besoin de nourriture, d’énergie, d’offres intéressantes en matière d’emplois et d’éducation ».
L’Afrique, où le taux de croissance est le plus élevé au monde, compte plus d’un milliard d’habitants depuis 2009 ; certainement deux milliards d’ici 2044. Avec l’insuffisance alimentaire et la pauvreté qui touchent ce continent (n’oublions pas les émeutes alimentaires de 2008), ce n’est pas une bonne nouvelle.
Cette croissance "incontrôlée" s’explique en partie par le faible engagement des Etats en faveur du planning familial. A cela s’ajoute cette conception culturelle selon laquelle « ce serait Dieu qui donne les enfants ». Conclusion : de nombreux enfants n’ont pas accès aux services sociaux de base et/ou finissent dans les rues de nos villes.
En 2007, Sandrine Dékens, une ethnopsycholoque et psychothérapeute française, a publié l’article " Logiques sorcières : lorsque les accusations s’emballent", sur la situation des enfants des rues et la sorcellerie à Kinshasa, en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC). On y lit qu’en octobre 2006, 13 877 enfants âgés de 0 à 18 ans, vivaient et travaillaient dans les rues de Kinshasa. Ils étaient 15 694 si l'on inclut les moins de 21 ans.
Sandrine Dékens relève que « Les enfants des rues peuvent ainsi avoir été abandonnés par leur famille, jetés à la rue, rendus orphelins, ou être partis d’eux-mêmes tenter l’aventure de la rue lorsqu’ils s’aperçoivent que leurs parents ne peuvent assurer la charge financière qu’ils représentent ». A cela s’ajoute l’impact du VIH/sida et les accusations de sorcellerie.
Selon cette dernière, «certains parents trop pauvres, des marâtres insatisfaites, des frères et sœurs jaloux, utilisent les accusations [de sorcellerie] pour se débarrasser d’un enfant considéré comme encombrant et dont ils ne veulent/peuvent plus assurer la charge ». Elle conclut que « l’accusation de sorcellerie est alors une forme socialement acceptable pour justifier le rejet d’un enfant ».
Les conditions de vie des enfants dans les rues de Kinshasa restent aussi déplorables et caractérisées par un dénuement matériel extrême et l’exposition à une violence quotidienne. Privés de la protection des adultes et de soutien familial, ils n’ont pas accès à l’alimentation, au logement et aux soins sociaux. Vivant dans l’incertitude permanente, ils sont exposés à de nombreux risques de sévices sexuels, physiques et affectifs de la part des enfants plus âgés, des adultes des rues, et également d’autres adultes qui les maltraitent et les exploitent ».
Autre lieu, autre réalité. Le Sénégal et « ses enfants talibés ». Lorsqu’on arrive à Dakar, la capitale, on est frappé par ces nombreux enfants se promenant(mendiant serait le terme approprié) avec une boîte de tomates dans les mains. Les talibés sont en fait des enfants de familles pauvres qui, ne pouvant s’occuper de ceux-ci, sont remis à des marabouts afin d’assurer leur éducation. A Dakar, les marabouts sont de véritables dieux pour les membres de leurs différentes confréries.
Ce qui est révoltant, sans vouloir juger cette pratique culturelle, c’est que ces marabouts ont eux le plus souvent leurs enfants dans les grandes écoles sénégalaises, voire même en Europe ou en Amérique.
Selon Nteranya Sanginga, directeur général désigné de l’Institut International de l’Agriculture Tropicale (IITA), seule une recherche intensive et pertinente en agriculture pourrait contribuer à nourrir une population qui ne cesse de croître. Sans cela, note t-il, « nous risquons d’être plongés dans une situation de guerre, une guerre de nourriture et d’espace » en Afrique Centrale.
Alors, certes, c’est Dieu qui donne les enfants. Mais je pense savoir que c’est l’homme qui demande.
Thoughts on the Death of Muammar Gaddafi
People may celebrate because a very oppressive rule has ended, but people died, and people kill to end what Gaddafi had began. Gaddafi is a person, even though he may be an unjust or "evil" one. We also know that no one deserves to die violently, although it may have been necessary for the greater good.
In my opinion, the best thing that we could do is to have a moment of silence and give Gaddafi a proper burial, along with others who have died for the cause. We do not need to think of the other side of Gaddafi's character, but at least we could give respect to a dead man. At least, we could remind ourselves that even if necessary, killing other people is still evil.
Think of it as a means to meditate on the atrocities that happened under him. We give respect to him, we at least recognize that he is still a person. I also hope that this helps for other people to forgive or forget what he has done and slowly move on, rebuilding the broken pieces of a nation.
UNICEF Announces Nominees for the 2011 International Children’s Day of Broadcasting (ICDB) Awards
UNICEF announced the nominees for the International Children’s Day of Broadcasting (ICDB) Awards. The awards are given by UNICEF for outstanding commitment to the ICDB by television and radio broadcasters.
The winner of the 2011 ICDB Awards will be announced by UNICEF Headquarters in New York on 5 December 2011.
The nominees each won a regional competition and now go on to compete for global honours. This year’s nominees come from Andorra, Bangladesh, Benin, China, India, Iran, [Malaysia removed] Mexico, Nepal, South Africa, Togo and Uganda and represent the best work produced in 2011 for the International Children’s Day of Broadcasting.
The International Children’s Day of Broadcasting is a day set aside each year to celebrate children’s broadcasting and encourages young people to get involved in television and radio broadcasting. The 2011 ICDB theme, “Girls Are… Boys Are…,” and asked children to talk about children’s rights and their importance.
“We are pleased that so many broadcasters embraced the International Children’s Day of Broadcasting this year,” says Stephen Cassidy, Chief of UNICEF’s Internet, Broadcast and Image Section, “and are especially proud of the diversity and creativity that these nominated broadcasters demonstrated in fulfilling UNICEF’s mission to involve young people in the media-making process.”
Regional judging took place between June and August and entries were evaluated by teams of broadcasters, radio and television experts and communications specialists. The judges looked at content, execution and year-round youth participation.
The ICDB was launched in 1991 to encourage broadcasters worldwide to create awareness for children’s issues and takes place the first Sunday in March. On that day, youth write, report, produce and present programmes that allow them to reach a wide audience with their thoughts on the issues that affect them.
The ICDB Regional Prizes for television went to ATN Bangla (Bangladesh, “Dismantling Discrimination”), C7 Sistema Jalisciense de Radio y TV (Mexico, “Rosa o Azul”), Télévision Togolaise (TVT) (Togo, “A Nous la Planete”) and Step Television (Uganda, “Cool Kids (Boys Are Girls Are). The ICDB Regional Prizes for radio went to Ràdio SER Principat D'Andorra (“Hora L / IK+”), Office de Radiodiffusion et television du Bénin (ORTB) (“Quand les enfants prennent la parole…”), RadioRadio Beijing Corporation (China, “We are Different, We are the Best”), All India Radio (“Joy-Live”), Salamat Radio (Iran, “My Child”), C7 Sistema Jalisciense de Radio y TV (Mexico, “La Barra Infantil”)“, National Radio (Nepal, “Saathi Sang Manka Kura,” produced by Equal Access Nepal) and Maputaland Community Radio Station (South Africa, “Boys Are Girls Are”).
The 2010 ICDB Award for Television went Télévision Togolaise (TVT) for its program “A Nous la Planete.” The 2010 ICDB Award for Radio went to Maputaland Community Radio Station (South Africa) for its program “All Rights All Children.”
¡No se pierdan a La Colmenita!
La Colmenita empezó como un pequeño teatro de comunidad en Cuba y logró convertirse en un teatro de niños internacionalmente reconocido. En una gira internacional, La Colmenita ahora va a traer sus obras maravillosas a Washington, Nueva York y San Francisco ¡No se lo pierdan!
Libyan Revolution
Libya is in a state of crisis.
In a civil war between military insurgents and Muammar al-Gaddafi's regime, armed conflict has swept the country and raged on for over two hundred days - with no definite end in sight.
But though the light at the end of the tunnel may not yet be clear, this is a revolution born out of necessity. These revolutionaries must continue to fight, to persevere, and to stand up for their basic human rights.
They watched their brothers fall into a pool of their own blood, their large brown eyes losing all the color that they once possessed as any nineteen year-old man had. They marched towards the gate, chanting for freedom and basic human rights, as that tank faced them with cold apathy. They extended their arms as fearless soldiers, waving their flags, demanding what they so rightly possess from that giant, stone-hearted monster of a government.
They, the revolutionaries, along with their nameless army of admirable bravery, marched on with civility and dignity, as men and women barefooted in their own skin in spite of the burning asphalt. They are not following the damned path that so many millions before them have tread like slaves bound to a master. No, they refuse to walk into that same burning Hell.
They are forging their own path. They are breaking the asphalt, and building new roads from ashes, with their own flesh and skin, tears and blood.
Fragile as any young revolutionaries, they may cry. They may cry, but they dare not stop. And so they walk on. They walk on with tears in their eyes - tears for their fallen brothers and sisters - but with their heads held high. Because they will not be chained to the same abusive institution of government any longer; they are determined to be freed and to pave a path of political freedom for the children of the future.
The road is long, and the battle is horrendous.
They are young. They are fearful.
But they must not give up. Because until that monster learns to listen to them, respect them, and treat them as human beings, they must continue to fight for the rights that they rightly deserve.
Why Step Up for Disaster Risk Reduction?
Today is the International Day of Disaster Risk Reduction. Voices of Youth and the UN tell yo why you should step up for disaster risk reduction.
... To let the world know that children and young people are partners in reducing disaster risk.
Children and young people can and should be involved in reducing risk to disasters. This includes getting organized to lobby for more investment in disaster risk reduction at the local and community level by governments and companies.
Their actions to reduce disaster risk need to be recognized, including how these actions link into national and community development such as achieving the Millennium Development Goals.
... To promote more partnerships with children and young people in disaster risk reduction
Governments, companies and communities need to systematically include children and young people's participation in their decision-making processes for building disaster resilient societies.
Policy makers should recognize that children and young people-led organizations and initiatives are a valuable resource and involve them in DRR efforts.
... To connect and build bridges and understanding among children and young people
Children and young people's networks and partnerships need to be encouraged across cultures.
Children and young people need to be empowered and supported as agents of social inclusion and safety.
Full house
In the Philippines, teenage Mary is off the streets and studying for her exams
Last year I visited Manila, capital of the Philippines, with photographer Sharron Lovell to document a day in the life of three children, for the launch of the new UNICEF UK website. One of them was thirteen-year-old Mary (not her real name) who lived with her family on the street outside Starbucks, where her mother ran a cigarette stall. Back then, Mary spent her days working on the stall or looking after her younger sisters, and her nights hanging out on the streets with other street children, many of whom ‘did rugby’ (sniffed solvents).
I was in Manila again recently and spent an afternoon with street educator Butch Nerja from local charity Childhope Asia Philippines. After saying goodbye to Sally - see part one of this blog - we went to find Mary. Although her family was still on the streets, Mary was living temporarily with Butch and his wife in order to concentrate on her studies. “Mary is such a smart girl but it’s hard for her to study when she’s on the streets,” Butch told me. “Her brothers will be going to a shelter soon but Mary won’t leave her mother. I had to think of another solution. We live only two blocks away so I said ‘you can come and stay with us’.”
Butch and I first looked for Mary at Binondo church, where Childhope runs alternative learning sessions (ALS) and a choir for street children. Mary wasn’t there but her older brother Bayani was. He was studying hard, writing in a notebook on a wooden table in a humid upstairs room. Outside the church, we ran into Mary’s younger sister, Jasmine, who was running unsupervised across the busy square with other street children. In the evenings, children throw firecrackers here, with little regard for their own safety. Jasmine had a T-shirt tied around her head. “She got lice recently and was scratching her head,” Butch explained. “Because her fingers were dirty it got infected, and she had to go to hospital.”
“I think Mary must have gone home,” Butch said and we made our way to his house in the heart of Binondo, Manila’s Chinatown. We passed through busy side streets, where street vendors were selling fruit from wooden trailers, many of them piled high with purple dragon fruit. Elsewhere, wooden-fronted shops sold Chinese charms and herbal medicines, repaired mah-jong sets or sold ‘death money’ to burn for the spirits of dead ancestors.
Room with a view
Butch’s house was alongside the canal. It was an informal structure made from wooden boards and corrugated iron. Butch and his family lived upstairs, while his wife’s parents lived downstairs. “Welcome to my home,” Butch said, pointing to a narrow flight of wooden steps. Upstairs, the house had been partitioned into four rooms – one for Butch and his wife, another for their children, a small kitchen/lounge and a storage room overlooking the canal.
The lounge was decorated with a mixture of religious iconography and musical memorabilia. There was a small shrine to Jesus on top of the fridge, next to several laughing Buddhas. On the shelf opposite was a framed picture of Bob Marley and Butch’s own dreadlocks, hung over one of his many awards for social work. Also in the lounge were Butch’s wife and the two former street children he was currently looking after – Mary and Cecile. Mary was clearly a teenager now. She had much longer hair that she frequently brushed, and was obviously taking care of her appearance.
While Cecile ran out with 100 peso to buy some soft drinks, I asked Mary what she had been up to in the year since I last saw her. “I still go to Childhope’s street education sessions and to RockEd choir practice at Binondo church,” she replied in Tagalog. “I help Butch with the classes and I’m studying for my ALS certificate.”
Butch nodded in agreement. “If Mary passes our exam this year she can go to school in Grade 6,” he said. “I’m currently looking for a sponsor for her. She’s 14 years old now so it’s her last chance. She has the willingness and interest to learn. One hundred per cent I believe she can do it.”
Both girls do chores around the house, in exchange for which they get a place to stay and three meals a day. Mary washes the dishes and cleans the house. Cecile’s task, meanwhile, is to cook dinner. The two girls were obviously very close, although being teenagers they denied it. “Cecile is OK but she’s a bit lazy with the washing up,” Mary joked.
Value of education
Butch and his wife also employ Mary’s mother, August, to do their washing. “The local barangay council told her that she couldn’t run the cigarette stall anymore,” Butch said. “Now she works as a laundry woman.” August is happy that Mary is staying with Butch’s family. “She thinks about the welfare of her children and believes in the value of education,” Butch continued. “She wants them off the streets and back in school.”
For now, Mary is adjusting to her new structured lifestyle. She is learning to go to bed at 11pm, rather than 3am. “I had difficulty sleeping at first but now I’m getting used to it,” she said. Mary is also able to watch TV for the first time. I was encouraged to hear that she often watches documentaries and news programmes, as well as movies and cartoons. “Mary recently watched a documentary about the anniversary of the September 11th attacks,” Butch said. “She had a lot of questions afterwards, so I had to be a lecturer and explain the history.”
The girls are allowed out in the evenings but they have to ask permission first. “My wife is very strict,” Butch said with a smile. “She says ‘you can go out for two hours but be back on time’. So far, they always have.”
Not being on the streets has also helped Mary to give up solvents. “I was very patient with her and would explain the side effects,” Butch said. “She knows this but it’s still hard for her to give up. I would tell her ‘I understand, I’ve been there also’. This is why it’s important for her to be with normal kids and have better role models.”
I gave Mary an album of the best photos from our visit last year and she looked through it with evident pleasure, showing the pictures to Cecile. “Can we go and find my mum so she can see this too?” she asked Butch. He agreed and I started to pack up my camera and notepad. “I can see the change in Mary,” Butch commented as we left. “She used to be a pensive child but now she laughs and smiles more.”
The thing that struck me most about my visit to Butch’s house was that, despite being small and crowded, it had an obviously warm family atmosphere. I’ve known rich families that lack this and it makes all the difference. Here, the children were happy and well looked after. Mary and Cecile laughed and played with Butch’s daughter, and were clearly comfortable with him and his wife. In short, it felt like a home.
I felt honored to be invited there and humbled by the level of Butch’s generosity towards the children he works with. I like to think I do my bit for society – I work to raise awareness of and money for children’s rights, I make personal donations, including to Childhope, and run half marathons for UNICEF. But looking at Butch’s life forced me to re-evaluate my own and ask myself if I could do more. Would I, like Butch, take in vulnerable children to share my home? Honestly, I really don’t know. I’m just glad that he does.
Find out more + UNICEF Philippines + Childhope Asia Philippines + Andy Brown on Blogger
A la mémoire d’un enfant vendu
Je vais vous parler d’un temps que les moins de 8 ans ne peuvent pas connaître. Oui, il était une fois en l’année 2003, un souvenir maussade dans un pays ou les villes et l’agriculture, les civilisations et l’écriture ont pourtant vu le jour.
La terre d’entre les fleuves, le Tigre et l’Euphrate où fut inventé la division sexagésimale du temps. il s'agit bien entendu de l’IRAK… En 2003, une histoire dramatique a commencé avec la chute de la statue de Saddam Hussein marquant la chute d’un régime dit dictateur. L’Opération « liberté de l’Irak » est déclenchée. Les Etats Unis et ses alliées déclarent avoir dignement honoré leur mission sur cette terre –et s’engagent à continuer bien honnêtement le combat jusqu’au bout- Voyons alors ce que cette liberté a coûté ?
Aujourd’hui, après 8 ans de blessure passés, 2920 jours de terreur vécus: les enfants de l’Irak ne sont pas épargnés. Il y a quelques semaines, on a entendu parler dans les médias suédois d’un marché en plein Bagdad spécialisé dans la vente des enfants Irakiens. Des bouts de chair qui ont connu le châtiment du sort dès leur première tentative dans la vie et des adolescents qui n’ont même pas savouré le goût de cette vie, se présentent dans ce marché pour qu’on les échange contre des dollars ou des dinars -qui sait?
Oui, c’est bien cela le prix de la liberté extérieurement choisie et nationalement payée. Allons-nous alors fermer les yeux sur l’indignité dans laquelle s’englue ce peuple? Ne serait-il pas donc finalement temps pour que l’opération « liberté de l’Irak » prenne son propre sens ? Et que la démocratie voulue prenne forme selon le bon vouloir du peuple Irakien et pour les enfants de l’Irak???
Join Voices of Youth at the Social Good Summit
Today is the start of the Social Good Summit in New York. Voices of Youth will be present at the event to inform you guys about what is happening in the social media universe. Follow us on Twitter to read updates and check #socialgood to join the discussion. All the presentations will be streamed at http://mashable.com/sgs/. Take part at this wonderful event and see how you can use social media to make a change!
7 Billion Stories: I am a young journalist.
I left IBA (premium business school in Pakistan) to study Mass Communication. Young people all over the region choose their careers based on expectations of their parents and friends and family - I stand for individuality. For living your life according to your own wishes and wants and needs. We can only shine in our true colors if we do what we were meant to do!
To read more stories from the 7billions campaign and share yours, click here!
7 Billion Stories: "I am helping women choose LIFE in Liberia!"
Post graduation in May 2011, I forwent corporate opportunities to help women, girls, & children in post-war Liberia. With a lens on maternal and infant mortality, I work w/ the Gbomai Bestman Foundation as the Projects Director maintaining current initiatives and building new ones that can prevent women from death due to pregnancy related causes. Currently, I work on "The Kiko Project," a creative initiative at the intersection of public school education & maternal mortality inspired by 79 girls I met in June. Learn more:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32OTvn5j1O4&feature=channel_video_title
Nichole Bestman
To read more stories from the 7billions campaign and share yours, click here!
7 Billion Stories: Connecting People. Inspiring Actions.
By the close of 2011, the global population will reach 7 billion. A world of 7 billion has implications for sustainability, urbanization, access to health services and youth empowerment. It is also an opportunity to renew global commitment for a healthy and sustainable world. 7 Billion Actions, a global movement for all humanity, was established by the United Nations Population Fund to highlight positive action by individuals and organizations and inspire others to join the movement.
7 Billion people mean 7 billion stories! Share yours with the world. Every voice matters. Go now to www.7billionactions.org/
Within the next few days we will post some of the inspirational stories from the 7 Billion Actions campaign here on VOY. Make sure to tell us what you think and participate!
You can also follow our friends from the 7 Billion Actions campaign on Twitter @7billionactions and like them on Facebook.com/7billionactions to be in touch and stay informed.
La Escuela - El lugar de los sueños
La escuela, espacio privilegiado para desarrollar la imaginación de los niños, que les permite soñar, crear, jugar, volar sin cerrar los ojos, con la seriedad que requiere toda actividad libre, en donde el espacio y el tiempo se detiene para ingresar a ese mundo fantástico, colorido, lleno de figuras, colores, sabores, aromas, texturas, paisajes y personajes que solo cuando se quiere, y sin prejuicios, cualquier persona puede participar.
Colegio Mano Amiga - Antioquía, Colombia
Fundación Kine -1 Minuto por mis derechos
Fundación Kine Cultural y Educativa y UNICEF Argentina, llevan a cabo talleres de expresión audio visual. Adolescentes de 13 a 18 años aprenden sobre la producción de videos y sobre la Convención sobre los derechos del Niño. Esto les permite relatar sus realidades en producciones de un minuto. Estos dos videos son una muestra de este trabajo.
Fuente: http://www.lacvox.net
UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador Angelique Kidjo to lead a live Q&A on Livestream on the crisis in the Horn of Africa
WHO: Ms. Angelique Kidjo, Singer and UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador Mr. Louis-Georges Arsenault, Director of UNICEF Emergency Operations Mr. Maulid Aden Warfa, Emergency Specialist for UNICEF Central and Southern Somalia (via Skype from Nairobi)
WHAT: A live chat on Livestream, Facebook, and Twitter (#askUnicef) about the situation in Somalia and the Horn of Africa, in which everyone is encouraged to join in and ask UNICEF questions, where a child survival crisis has taken millions of children to the brink.
WHEN: Wednesday, August 17, 2011 - 10:30 to 11.30 AM (ET)
WHY: Find out more about the crisis in the Horn of Africa – how it happened, what is happening, what needs to be done – and its impact on children. Angelique Kidjo will bring her own experience as an African, who has travelled extensively to developing countries. Louis-Georges, who just returned from the region and Maulid, who is currently based in Nairobi and is frequently in Somalia, will be sharing their own perspectives on the current situation.
Please join the Livestream Q&A session by visiting this link and RSVP: http://www.livestream.com/unicef?rsvptoeventid=411149
You can also follow and participate with us on Facebook and Twitter:
http://www.facebook.com/unicef http://www.twitter.com using #askUnicef
La multiculturalidad del juego
Oaxaca es un estado que se encuentra en la parte sur de México, se caracteriza por ser uno de los estados con la mayor riqueza cultural pues coexisten 16 grupos étnicos totalmente diferentes, los lugares abarcan desde la selva, los bosques, la sierra, el mar etc. Los niños son muy diferentes en cuanto a lengua, costumbres y formas de pensar, sin embargo los une esa alegría de ser pequeños y sentir que el mundo es suyo. A pesar de las grandes desigualdades sociales se puede observar como adaptan el mundo a su forma de ver.
Estas fotos son una representación de esa multiculturalidad con la que contamos, en las cuales se expresa el derecho que todos tenemos a jugar y a tener una infancia feliz, son niños que con algunos recursos fáciles de conseguir logran un mundo nuevo y se lo apropian…
PARTICIPANTE: Eduardo Gómez Agustín PAÍS: México
Fuente: http://www.lacvox.net
The International Year of Youth - A brief Analysis
The International Year of Youth, which began on August 12 last year, drew to a close yesterday. The United Nations General Assembly on 18 December 2009, proclaimed the year commencing on 12 August 2010 as the International Year of Youth: Dialogue and Mutual Understanding (IYY). Under its theme, the Year aimed to promote ideals of peace, respect for human rights and solidarity across generations, cultures, religions and civilizations.
The UN system’s activities, led by the UN Programme on Youth of DESA, for the Year had three main objectives; to increase commitment and investment in youth; to encourage partnerships with young people and intensify their participation in society and in decision-making processes, and to foster dialogue and mutual understanding among youth.
This focus reflects the significance of the global youth population. Young adults aged between 15 and 24 number 1.2 billion people, and make up nearly a fifth of the global population. It is also noteworthy that 87% of youth live in developing countries and face limited access to education and employment opportunities.
In view of these circumstances, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon summed up aims of the International Year of Youth saying “youth deserve our full commitment – full access to education, adequate healthcare, employment opportunities…and full participation in public life.”
By highlighting the importance of public life, the UN Secretary-General also alluded to the great value of young people and their contributions to society. The Year of Youth also therefore celebrated the way young people demonstrate leadership, for example, by practicing environmental responsibility and developing innovative uses of new technologies.
The International Year of Youth has been celebrated all around the world by civil society, local, national and regional entities, through innovative and numerous events. The International Year of Youth Calendar of events recorded a total of 422 registered events held worldwide on a range of issues facing young people. In addition, more a 1000 events were posted on UN social media platforms.
The High Level Meeting on Youth was held in New York on July 25-26 as the highlight of the International Year of Youth. The Meeting brought together government entities, private sector and civil society representatives. The High-level Meeting on Youth provided a critical opportunity to strengthen international cooperation on youth issues and to address challenges they face, as well as opportunities that youth development creates. The meeting successfully underscored the importance of supporting young people’s vast and untapped potential as well as the need to promote dialogue and mutual understanding across cultures and generations.
Another major aspect of the International Year of Youth has been the appointment of Monique Coleman, Hollywood Actress and youth activist, as the UN Youth Champion. In order to support the Year, Monique Coleman embarked for 6 months on a world tour; she visited 5 continents, 26 countries and met with thousands youth.
The ability of social media to connect people was crucial to the success of the Year and particularly of UN Youth Champion Monique Coleman’s endeavors. Ms. Coleman’s role was to engage in dialogue with young people and raise awareness of the challenges they face. In addition to her tireless traveling, she conversed daily with youth through Facebook, Twitter and her online chat show “Gimme Mo”. Today’s event was shaped through these efforts in coordination with those driven by the UN Program on Youth.
The Culmination Celebration, bringing together UN departments and International Year of Youth partners, paid particular attention to the achievements of young girls and women in society. It was also emphasized that long term progress can only be achieved through nurturing the aspirations of young people.
The International Youth Day was also marked on 12 August 2011 under the theme “Change Our World.” The UN Programme on Youth invites young people to celebrate the International Youth Day by submitting their initiatives working to change the world on Facebook
As summed up by the Secretary-General as call to action to young people, “you have the opportunity to change the world, seize it.”
Photo: OASIS is a Brazilian community action project that develops activities in cities and responds to social and environmental issues while making a positive change.
Here, the goal was to revitalize the Escola Estadual Eng. Prado Lopes, a public school located in one of the most impoverished areas of Belo Horizonte.
¿Hasta dónde llegarán?
Esa carrera que todos algún día comenzamos y que aún seguimos corriendo para alcanzar sueños, esperanzas, ser esos personajes que en cada juego representábamos de la mejor manera, intentando cambiar el mundo, siendo superheroes y en solo unos segundos convertirnos en villanos, ser los mejores deportistas y luego pasar a ser unos artistas, convertir las cosas en objetos inimaginables, de una caja salir una nave, con unas gafas hacernos invisibles, transportarnos a lugares donde ningún ser humano antes llegó, viajar a la velocidad de la luz, dar vida a cualquier juguete o ser inanimado, y lo mejor tener a nuestro lado los amigos para conectarnos en esa fantasía de transformar todo lo que nos rodea sin limites por medio del juego, y que al pasar el tiempo vamos guardando en los recuerdos, por que vamos creciendo y la sociedad y el consumo nos limita a ser lo que eramos "niños".
Por Edison Alexander Gomez Gallego de Colombia
Fuente: http://www.lacvox.net
Rowdies or Revolutionaries?
It is with great concern that the world looks to London in the days of the worst riots that the city has seen in the recent past. Pictures of burning cars and masked hordes facing armed police on the streets instantly bring back memories of the civil unrest in that spread out from the suburbs of Paris all over France in 2005. The trigger for the violence was similar: fleeing from the police after a banal incident, Zyed Benna and Bouna Traore were electrocuted while climbing into an electrical sub-station in the Paris suburb of Clichy-sous-Bois. In London Mark Duggan aged 29 years, got killed last Thursday after an apparent fire exchange with police officers. When hundreds of people marched one day later to Tottenham police station to ask for justice, the situation escalated and what started with thrown bottles and cars being set on fire turned into a national crisis.
Though six years and 340 kilometres of distance lie between the incidents, the causes and results seem to be identical and bring to light how dramatically politicians and the economy have failed to provide perspectives for youth even after the warnings of France 2005.
It is easy to stigmatize the rioters of London as looters and hooligans and the fact that many of them are not politicized might fuel this impression (see video).
However, to think that only well-educated middle and upper class people have the right to protest might be one of the root causes for the sudden outburst of violence itself. Like it or not, but what is happening in London right now is a public protest and there are reasons for it.
A lot of those currently on the street might actually don’t know those reasons are, but the fact that there is an urge to run around and destroy things shows that something is terribly wrong with modern western society. Once again, it would be the time to rethink the principal of survival of the fittest and lend our ears to the weakest and most vulnerable.
One would have thought that the global financial crisis had taught us valuable lessons, but instead of questioning the principal of the invisible hand and the self-regulating market, voters in countries like Sweden or the Netherlands fell for neo liberal right wing parties offering (too) easy solutions.
Paying taxes to favour the “losers” of the fast pace race of modern capitalism is traditionally unpopular amongst the wealthy, even more so in times of crisis and with everyone thinking that he is treated unfair and should be helped, solidarity is hard to find.
Children and youth need a perspective in order to be expected to live within the rules of the society they were forced to be part of. If you never had a chance to make it anyway and have nothing to lose, what difference does it make not to obey the law?
Of course, violence is absolutely unacceptable and many homes and family businesses have been burned down and destroyed, but this is the result of something that happens every day and that we like to turn a blind eye on too often and eventually at some point, injustice becomes unbearable and the rage unloads in terrible acts of violence.
As Daniel McGowen, member of the Earth Liberation Front put it: "I'm not suggesting that the path of destruction is the right path," he said. "But, when you're screaming at the top of your lungs and no one hears you, what are you supposed to do?"
Photo 1: Fires in London during recent riots (Creative Commons)
Video: Interview performed by the BBC
Photo 2: Mark Duggan's death started the outburst of violence
Breidy Leandro Rodríguez Umaña y el Programa Social Meta Colombia
"El juego representa la posibilidad de recrear, divertir y aprender; por medio de el se expresan los derechos y los deberes necesarios para el crecimiento de la población juvenil, permitiendo la libre expresión en un ambiente sano. Valores como el amor, la amistad, la unión, el respeto y la pulcritud se evidencian en cada juego, orientando a todos y todas hacia el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida. Jugar no es solo de niños y de jóvenes, es un espacio para compartir con los demás, fortaleciendo las relaciones interpersonales y el pensamiento creativo".
El Movimiento Internacional Cuarto Mundo de Bolivia
"La felicidad de los niños y niñas es nuestra felicidad”, tenemos que pensar en ellos porque son el presente, y a través del juego pensemos que estamos apoyando a un desarrollo pleno en lo físico e intelectual.
El Movimiento Internacional ATD Cuarto Mundo-Bolivia realiza actividades que fortalecen y estimulen las capacidades de los niños y niñas con actividades que rescatan los juegos tradicionales como el avioncito, pata pata, trompo, el salto en soga, o creando otros como el túnel o gusanito en sus espacios como “la Biblioteca de Calle y el Festival del Saber”.
Las calles, plazas y avenidas de las zonas de Urkupiña y Andino ubicadas en la ciudad de El Alto-Bolivia los días martes, sábados y durante las vacaciones de tres semanas son ocupadas por los gritos de alegría y risas de los niños, niñas y adolescentes, porque están ejerciendo su derecho al juego, porque ríen, saltan y corren libres.
Estamos seguros que el juego es una forma para que las y los niños descubran sus capacidades, porque ellos son sujetos con derechos y no objetos.
Fuente: http://www.lacvox.net
Juan Diego Ochoa y Meta Colombia
El domingo nos bañamos en el caño que está al pie de mi casa, con mis amigos, vecinos y mi mamá fue a lavar la ropa aprovechando para cuidarnos, jugamos al que se lanza mas lejos de la orilla, y quien lo haga es el ganador, eso significa que no sale del juego. Nos gusta hacerlo por distracción y por que el calor después de medio día es insoportable. Lo importante es tener cuidado y que alguien nos esté cuidando.
Casi siempre despues de salir de clases jugamos canicas con mis hermanos menores y vecinos, ya que nos distrae bastante; hacemos un círculo en la superficie de la tierra, allí se depositan las bolitas, aparte se hace una linea, y el niño que se pase de esa linea al lanzar la canica queda de últimas… lo importante es que no esté haciendo mucho sol, porque jugar dentro de la casa…no es igual.
Fuente: http://www.lacvox.net
Jugando a ser felices
Las fotos ilustran el trabajo realizado con los beneficiarios del programa Proniño de Fundación Telefónica en Colombia.
Fuente: http://www.lacvox.net
Victims of the Norway Attacks
Anders Behring Breivik, an anti-Muslim extremist, killed 77 people in an Oslo bombing and a shooting rampage at a summer camp for young political activists on July 22, 2011. Learn more about the victims by clicking on the images below.
Source: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/world/europe/Norway-Victims-Oslo-Utoya.html?hp
Young leaders and politicians discuss HIV/AIDS
During the event “Crossfire: A dialogue between youth leaders and decision‐makers to answer the tough questions on HIV and young people” young leaders had the chance to address their questions about HIV and AIDS related topics to international politicians. Latoya Cadogan from Barbados, Mawethu Zita from Barbados, Milinda Rajapaksha from Sri Lanka, Nadim Abou Alwan from Lebanon and Magda Pochec from Poland took the chance and “interrogated” ministers and parliament members from different countries.
Photo 1: The participants arrive. Djibril Diallo, Senior Advisor to the Executive Director, greets Magda Pochec, member of the initiative YouAct.
Photo 2: Honorable Shaw Kgathi, Minister of Youth, Sport and Culture from Botswana answers Latoya Cadogan’s question.
Photo 3: Honorable Anurag Thakur, member of the Indian Parliament explains parts of the Indian HIV/AIDS policies to Mawethu Zita from South Africa (on the right).
"Latinoamérica tiene todo para llevar una posición de liderazgo en la política mundial"
En un evento organizado bajo el título "Los retos generacionales de las personas jóvenes de Iberoamérica en el marco del Año Internacional de la Juventud” el ex presidente de México Vicente Fox Quesada habló de la importancia que tiene la participación juvenil en la política. Fox reconoció que el siglo pasado a México y todo Latino América le fue “bastante mal”: “Vimos a otros países pasándonos y nos dio envidia. No crecimos como sociedad por haber sido gobernados por dictaduras durante gran parte del siglo”.
El hombre que lideró el país del 2000 hasta el 2006 destacó además la importancia que tiene la participación política juvenil a pesar del “cansancio democrático” que había reconocido dentro del pueblo mexicano. Fox Quesada siguió de poner enfoque en el valor de la democracia y se mostró contento por los movimientos democráticos en el Medio Ambiente.
Fox Quesada está convencido que la democracia va a prevalecer, pero para el ex presidente queda la pregunta que y quien gobierna después: “Ciertamente van a ganar los valores democráticos pero el interrogante es quien va a venir después”. Finalmente el ex presidente cerró su discurso con un pronóstico optimista para el continente cuando dijo que si bien no se sabe cuáles van a ser los valores dominantes en el futuro con países como China y Corea en el auge, Latinoamérica tendría todo para llevar una posición de liderazgo en la política mundial.
Foto 1: Los panelistas en el evento "Los retos generacionales de las personas jóvenes de Iberoamérica en el marco del Año Internacional de la Juventud”.
Foto 2: El ex presidente mexicano Vicente Fox Quesada.
“Youth deserves to get special attention”
On the first day of UN’s High Level Meeting on Youth, I had the chance to attend a panel discussion with the promising name “Strengthening Youth Leaders: Advocacy from the Ground Up”. The organization International Planned Parenthood Federation/Western Hemisphere Region (IPPF/WHR) had brought in four young panelists from Costa Rica, Barbados, Peru and Haiti.
Under the moderation of Jovana Rios from Panama, the panelists emphasized how important it is to include youth in the decision making process. “Youth deserves to get special attention” said Casimir Caidor who is an activist for PROFAMIL Haiti. He was joined by Camilo Saldarriaga who lamented that many delegations at the meeting did not include youth members. Camilo also accentuated how important it is to involve more young women and minorities into decision making.
“We want to exercise our participation rights” insisted Stefanie Suclupe from Peru, adding that it is not always easy to advocate for sexual and reproductive rights in the UN. In order to make advocacy more efficient, we as youth advocacy organizations have to “improve our messages. We have to ensure that they are clear and action driven to advocate better to our delegates” said LaToya Cadogan-Williams, the most powerful speaker on the panel.
Latoya also pointed out how difficult the last years have been for youth organizations and how great the effort was that many of them made to keep up the work and help people. Still, she reckons that there is a long way to go to make government leaders actually take action that they often promise when cameras are around:
“Governments should implement the measures that they sign off on. Things can no longer go on the way that they are”. The way is stony and long but with young leaders like Camilo, LaToya, Stefanie, Casimir and Jovana speaking out their voice and spreading their message, others will join and eventually things will slowly begin to change.
Meet the youth participants #2
Our VOY reporters gathered short introductions of young people attending the high-level meeting. Enjoy this freshly delivered content from the first day of the HLM in New York. If you are not at the event, you can make us ask your questions, adding us on Twitter @voices_of_youth and using the #VOYbackstage hashtag and, we will try to get you an answer.
Voices of Youth @ the UN Highlevel Meeting on Youth
Voices of Youth's coverage from the UN Highlevel Meeting on Youth has begun. Today and tomorrow we will provide you with information and reports from the event with articles on the sites, live tweets and exclusive interviews with the participants. Follow us on Twitter @voices_of_youth and join us on Facebook.com/voicesofyouth to get the newest information and submit us the questions that you want to ask the participants of the event!
Empieza la cobertura de La Juventud Opina de la Reunión de Alto Nivel de las Naciones Unidas sobre la Juventud en Nueva York
Hoy y mañana La Juventud Opina estará reportando de la Reunión de Alto Nivel de las Naciones Unidas sobre la Juventud en Nueva York en el marco del Año Internacional de la Juventud. Vamos a proveerles con artículos, tweets en vivo y fotos y videos del evento. ¡Mándanos tus preguntas para los participantes a través de Facebook.com/voicesofyouth o por Twitter @voices_of_youth!
Voices of Youth - Mejoras del sitio #1
Estamos mejorando el sitio de Voices of Youth para ustedes. Nuestros programadores están trabajando para que sea para ustedes más fácil compartir sus historias con el resto del mundo y así interactuar con otros usuarios dentro de la comunidad. Este es el primero de una serie de actualizaciones que van a continuar durante los meses siguientes para optimizar nuestra plataforma.
Estos mensajes los mantendrán informados sobre los cambios y mejoras en el sitio de Voices of Youth.
Estas son las primeras actualizaciones:
· Como usuario ahora tienes la posibilidad de agregar información más detallada a tu perfil: simplemente haz click sobre el botón de Configuración y personaliza tu página personal. Adicionalmente, puedes subir una imagen a tu perfil que también se verá cuándo comentes un artículo.
· El manejo del sitio ha sido optimizado: se mejoró el interfaz de ingreso, ahora puedes eliminar artículos en fase de borrador, suprimir comentarios y también tienes la posibilidad de cancelar tu cuenta de usuario si lo deseas.
· Además, también estamos en el proceso de traducir el sitio en su totalidad a otros idiomas. Por ejemplo, la sección Aprende Más ahora está disponible en inglés, francés y español.
Descubrí los cambios en el sitio, disfruta de las nuevas funciones que te ofrece y está atento para futuras actualizaciones!
Al-Shabab says aid group ban remains in place
Islamist rebel movement rejects UN's famine claims and will not allow certain support groups into drought-hit Somalia.
Source: http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2011/07/201172291538656428.html
UNICEF responds to Horn of Africa food crisis that has left 2 million children malnourished
UNICEF correspondent Kun Li reports on the organization's response to the food crisis in the Horn of Africa and a visit by UNICEF Regional Director Elhadj As Sy to a settlement in north-eastern Kenya for Somali refugees from drought and conflict.
For more information, please visit http://www.unicef.org
Emergencia nutricional en el Cuerno de Africa
El Cuerno de África se enfrenta a una de las peores crisis nutricionales de los últimos 60 años. La falta de lluvias y la crisis económica, además de los conflictos bélicos ha agravado una situación, ya difícil.
Amidst the region's worst drought in decades, Somali refugees crowd camps in Kenya
“It’s a very long, treacherous journey,” says Ms. Ahmed. “By the time they come to the camps, they are hungry, very emaciated, some of them almost naked, holding their children.”
When they get to Kenya, the refugees tell horrific stories of deprivation and danger.
“Some of them lost family members along the way due to hunger and thirst. Some reported that family members were eaten by wild animals,” Ms. Ahmed reports. There are also unconfirmed reports of armed militia members attempting to prevent people from leaving Somalia.
Source: http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/kenya_59174.html
El Eterno Problema de la Discriminación
A la hora de hablar de discriminación vienen a mi muchos pensamientos, de todo tipo: discriminación racial, religiosa, política, orientación sexual o por razón de género entre otras. A lo largo del tiempo hubo un gran avance frente a estos problemas sociales, y lucha debe continuar.
Valga aclarar que hoy en día existen derechos que ciento de años atrás, ni las personas que se sentían discriminadas, eran capaces de luchar. Con la ayuda de distintas políticas y/o personas extraordinarias de la historia, ellos pudieron hacerse escuchar.
Igualmente me tome el pequeño trabajo de buscar la definición en Wikipedia: "Discriminación es el acto de separar o formar grupos de personas a partir de un criterio o criterios determinados. En su sentido más amplio, la discriminación es una manera de ordenar y clasificar. Puede referirse a cualquier ámbito, y puede utilizar cualquier criterio. Si hablamos de seres humanos, por ejemplo, podemos discriminarlos entre otros criterios, por edad, color de piel, nivel de estudios, conocimientos, riqueza, color de ojos, etc. Pero también podemos discriminar fuentes de energía, obras de literatura, animales, etc. " Hasta aquí estamos hablando de la misma problemática. Pero, ¿Qué sucede con la discriminación que algunos tienen por el simple hecho de haber nacido en el lugar "no indicado para la inserción social"?
Un lugar donde, todo lo que uno quiera hacer cuesta muchas veces más. Un lugar en el que tal vez los padres no tienen dinero ni forma de educar a una nueva generación de chicos, resultando en un grupo que ya comienza con una gran desventaja. Ese tipo de discriminación, ¿cómo se llama? Un grupo separado de otro que, el más beneficiado prefiere no ver. Muchos creen que todos tenemos las mismas posibilidades, podemos estudiar, pensar y salir adelante. Pero, si un niño ya comienza sus primeros años de vida con desnutrición, cómo pretendemos que pueda pensar y más tarde buscar un trabajo digno?
Me surgen otras preguntas como: ¿Cómo hace uno para pagar los estudios si éste requiere mucho tiempo para ser excelente y uno termina no teniendo tiempo para trabajar? ¿Qué es lo que termina eligiendo? ¿Y en los países donde la educación pública no existe?
Las igualdades todavía no están claras a mi parecer. Las oportunidades no son las mismas.
Mi idea con estas palabras no es denunciar una "discriminación", si no que, a mi parecer, hacer conciente esta problemática. Cada uno puede ayudar a una persona, escoger a alguien y ayudarlo. Tal vez no dándole dinero, pero sí, facilitando el desarrollo del otro con herramientas propias de uno. Una cadena de favor.
Favela Vidigal en Rio de Janeiro. Autor: Jeff Belmonte Flickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/jeffbelmonte/106444226/
Millions need urgent aid amidst drought, conflict and food crisis in the Horn of Africa
30 June 2011 - UNICEF's Regional Emergency Advisor for Eastern and Southern Africa, Robert McCarthy, dicsusses the food crisis arising from severe drought and armed conflict in the Horn of Africa.
For more information, please visit http://www.unicef.org
El precio que los libios pagan por el estancamiento
La columna de Anne Applebaum del 7 de Junio, “Una apuesta al estancamiento”, habló del valor estratégico de un estancamiento en Libia, pero para las mujeres y los niños afectados por este conflicto sangriento, mientras más dure la indefinición, más devastadoras serán las consecuencias.
Durante los últimos cuatro meses, después de que estallaron las protestas populares contra el régimen, decenas de miles de niños han sido traumatizados por la exposición directa a la violencia donde algunos de ellos han sido, incluso, matados o mutilados.
Muchos niños libios han quedado atrapados en sus casas, sin posibilidades de visitar la escuela o ni siquiera poder jugar afuera. El fuego de las armas sigue siendo algo que ocurre a diario en Benghazi, y los bombardeos son escuchados por los hijos y sus madres en Trípoli.
Este mes, tres miembros de una familia fueron asesinados y otros dos resultaron heridos en Ajdabiya cuando un niño trajo a su casa una parte de una un artefacto explosivo que no había detonado.
Yo fui testigo cuando dos niños, de 14 y 9 años, fueron traídos en un barco a Benghazi de Misrata con varias heridas. Ellos estaban jugando en la calle, algo que todos los niños deberían de poder hacer sin mayores preocupaciones, cuando un objeto que recogieron explotó. El chico mayor perdió sus dos manos.
UNICEF y otras organizaciones con quienes colabora, apoyan programas de educación en Benghazi para crear mayor conciencia al respecto de estas armas mortales. Estos programas urgentemente tienen que ser expandidos dentro de Misrata y por todo el resto de Libia.
Cuanto más rápido termine este conflicto con un resultado aceptable para la gente de Libia, menor será el precio que tendrán que pagar los civiles con sangre, mutilaciones y la pérdida de seres queridos.
Rebecca Fordham, Benghazi, Libia
La autora es una Especialista en Comunicación que trabaja con UNICEF Libya Emergency Response.
La carta de Rebecca Fordham fue publicada en el diario Washington Post el día lunes 13 de Junio de 2011.
Foto: Hasam Hamid, de 9 años, de Ajdabiya, explica a Rebecca Fordham lo que aprendió en un taller sobre explosivos remanentes de guerra en Benghazi. Los talleres se realizan con voluntarios entrenados de Handicap International y los Scouts de Libia con el apoyo de UNICEF.
Fotografo: Anas El Abbanr Copyright: UNICEF
Racism on the Green Grass
Only a couple of months ago, the plans of the French Football Federation (FFF) to reduce the number of players with African or Muslim background in the national team caused outrage all over the world.
Now another case of racism shattered the idyllic world of "fair play": in a game of the Russian football Premier League fans of the home team Krylya Sovetov threw a banana at the Brazilian defender Roberto Carlos. The man who won the World Cup 2002 with Brazil immediately left the pitch as a protest against the racist outburst.
The Russian Football Federation launched an investigation against Krylya Sovetov. In March the club Zenit St Petersburg was fined with $ 10, 000 after their fans offered a banana to Carlos.
Cases of racism occur frequently on the stands and the pitches all over the world. It is on the FIFA, the clubs and the fan scenes to do something about it and show future generations that football is not only about how hard you can kick the ball or how high you jump, but also about sportsmanship and tolerance.
Safe and Friendly Cities for All
Please also watch the video about the "Safe and Friendly Cities" initiative. Do YOU live in a large city? Do YOU feel safe? Please comment below!
UN launches initiative to make cities safer for women and children
New York, 22 June 2011 - UNICEF, UN-HABITAT and UN Women launch “Safe and Friendly Cities for All,” a five-year programme that aims at making women and children feel safer in their local neighbourhoods, while improving their quality of life.
This partnership initiative builds on prior experience that all three organizations have accumulated on preventing gender-based violence, using innovative tools for child and youth engagement in urban settings, and promoting integrated crime prevention strategies in cities.
By working with local municipalities, women’s groups, child and youth advocates, the joint initiative will focus on increasing safety among women, youth and children, and preventing and reducing violence, including sexual harassment and violence against women and girls in public spaces.
More than half of the world’s population- approximately 3.4 billion people - live in cities today. This number is projected to increase to 69 per cent by 2050. With this rapid urbanization come increased risks for the citizens of urban areas, especially women and children. Currently one billion people are living in urban slums and are denied basic human rights, such as access to safe housing and reliable health services.
Global crime rates jumped by about 30 per cent between 1980 and 2000, and between 2002 and 2007 approximately 60 per cent of urban residents in developing countries reported that they had been the victim of crime. Many of these are women and young girls, facing sexual assault or harassment on streets, public transport or in their own neighbourhoods.
The new partnership will address these challenges by supporting a variety of initiatives in the participating cities. By working with local authorities and organizations on the ground, women and young people will be able to identify those areas in their neighbourhood where they feel most at risk, and find solutions together.
Potential interventions may include:
• Enabling women and young people to have a voice in decisions that affect their lives such as decisions on budgets and local infrastructure
• Establishing female councilor-led committees for effective response to sexual violence and crimes in communities
• Increasing street lights in high-risk areas, including the use of solar lights which are cost-effective and more resilient to damage and vandalism.
• Training of community police units to prevent gender-based violence
The five year initiative will be piloted in with municipal leaders. Dushanbe, Greater Beirut, Metro Manila, Marrakesh, Nairobi, Rio de Janeiro, San Jose and Tegucigalpa are among the cities currently being considered.
The price Libyan civilians pay for a stalemate
Anne Applebaum’s June 7 op-ed column, “A bet on stalemate,” talked about the strategic value of a long stalemate in Libya, but for the women and children caught up in the ongoing bloody conflict, the longer the stalemate, the more devastating the consequences.
During the past four months, after popular protests against the regime erupted, tens of thousands of children have been traumatized by direct exposure to violence in which some of them were killed or maimed.
Many Libyan children have been trapped inside their homes, unable to go to school or even to play outside. The firing of guns continues to be a daily occurrence in Benghazi, and bombing is heard by children and their mothers in Tripoli.
This month three members of one family were killed and another two injured in Ajdabiya when a child brought home a piece of unexploded ordnance.
I witnessed two children, 14 years and 9 years old, who were brought into Benghazi from Misurata on a boat with severe injuries. They had been playing in the street, something all children should be able to enjoy in safety, when an object they picked up exploded. The older boy lost both his hands.
UNICEF and some partner organizations are supporting educational programs in Benghazi to raise awareness of these deadly weapons. These programs urgently need to be be expanded into Misurata and across Libya.
The faster this conflict is brought to an end acceptable to the Libyan people, the lower the price that civilians pay in blood, limbs and the loss of loved ones.
Rebecca Fordham, Benghazi, Libya
The writer is a communications specialist with the UNICEF Libya Emergency Response.
Rebecca Fordham's letter has been published in the Washington Post on Monday the 13th of June 2011
Photo: Hasam Hamid, 9 years old, from Ajdabiya explaining to Rebecca Fordham what he had learnt at an explosive remnants of war workshop in Benghazi. The workshops are takng place with trained volunteers for Handicap International and the Libyan Scouts with support from UNICEF. Photographer: Anas El Abbanr Copyright: UNICEF
2500 Young People Newly Infected with HIV Every Day, According to Opportunity in Crisis
Johannesburg/ New York, 1 June 2011: Every day, an estimated 2500 young people are newly infected with HIV, according to a global report on HIV prevention launched today. While HIV prevalence has declined slightly among young people, young women and adolescent girls face a disproportionately high risk of infection due to biological vulnerability, social inequality and exclusion.
For the first time, Opportunity in Crisis: Preventing HIV from early adolescence to young adulthood, presents data on HIV infections among young people and highlights the risks adolescents face as they transition to adulthood. A joint publication by UNICEF, UNAIDS, UNESCO, UNFPA, ILO, WHO and The World Bank, the report identifies factors that elevate their risk of infection as well as opportunities to strengthen prevention services and challenge harmful social practices.
“For many young people HIV infection is the result of neglect, exclusion, and violations that occur with the knowledge of families, communities, social and political leaders. This report urges leaders at all levels to build a chain of prevention to keep adolescents and young people informed, protected and healthy,” said UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake. “UNICEF is committed to this cause. We must protect the second decade of life, so that the journey from childhood to adulthood is not derailed by HIV – a journey that is especially fraught for girls and young women.”
According to the report, people aged 15-24 accounted for 41 per cent of new infections among adults over the age of 15 in 2009. Worldwide, an estimated 5 million (4.3 million to 5.9 million) young people in that age group were living with HIV in 2009. Among the 10 to 19 year age group, new data shows, an estimated 2 million adolescents (1.8 million to 2.4 million) are living with HIV. Most of them live in sub-Saharan Africa, most are women, and most do not know their status. Globally young women make up more than 60 per cent of all young people living with HIV. In sub-Saharan Africa that rate jumps to 72 per cent.
"Our success with improving access to antiretrovirals means more young people are surviving with HIV, but many are still unaware of their status,” said World Health Organization Director-General, Dr. Margaret Chan. “WHO is committed to helping improve adolescents' access to HIV testing and counseling and to making sure that health services address their needs for prevention, treatment, care and support."
Early adolescence is a window of opportunity to intervene, before most youth become sexually active and harmful gender and social norms that elevate the risk of HIV infection are established. Communities, leaders and young people all have a role to play in changing the behaviours that place young people at risk and creating an environment where they may thrive. In southern Africa, for example where HIV infections are high in older age groups, sex with multiple partners and age-disparate relationships are fuelling HIV transmission among young people, particularly young women. But progress can be made. Community-led efforts to change such norms have been effective in communities in Tanzania, where the image of men seeking relations with younger women and girls was effectively turned into an image of ridicule.
"As the report says, too many adolescent girls become pregnant before they are ready, and have children while they are still children themselves," said UNFPA Executive Director, Dr. Babatunde Osotimehin. "This puts their own health and their children’s health at risk and limits their opportunities and potential. To achieve the MDGs, it’s absolutely critical to improve access to comprehensive sexuality education and integrated reproductive health services, including family planning and male and female condoms. Evidence shows that sexual and reproductive health information and services do not lead to more frequent sexual relations or high-risk behavior, but rather to fewer unintended pregnancies, reduced HIV infections and better health."
Certain high-risk behaviours – such as early sexual debut, pregnancy and drug use – are all signs of things going wrong in the environment of the young adolescent, and may be associated with violence, exploitation, abuse and neglect. Yet social protection systems that are HIV-sensitive can contribute to the financial security of vulnerable families, improve access to health and social services and ensure that services are delivered to marginalized youths.
“The world desperately needs new HIV prevention strategies; for every two people who receive life-saving AIDS treatment, another five become newly infected, which is an impossible situation for many poor countries and their communities,” says the World Bank’s Managing Director, Dr. Mahmoud Mohieldin. “Existing prevention strategies have had limited success, so we have to look for creative new approaches to reverse the HIV/AIDS epidemic. These must address people’s very basic needs for education, economic security, inclusion, dignity, and human rights. These issues are particularly crucial when we consider the health and well-being of adolescent girls, mothers and children, and socially marginalized groups.”
Family members, teachers, community leaders have a role to play in setting norms for responsible behaviour, and in advocating for the full range of services needed for young people to stay healthy. Indeed, reducing the level of HIV incidence requires not one single intervention, but a continuum of prevention that provides information, support and services throughout the life cycle. Yet many adolescents lack access to basic HIV and prevention information, commodities and testing services.
“Young people need to have access to comprehensive knowledge and services in order to make safe choices about their health and relationships”, said UNESCO Director-General, Irina Bokova. “We are fully committed to this effort, leading the evidence-based push to scale up sexuality education and supporting the different needs of young people as they transition from early adolescence to adulthood. We must work together to ensure that all young people, especially girls and vulnerable populations, receive the education, support and protection necessary for preventing HIV and promoting their overall well-being”, she added.
Worldwide many young people driven by economic duress, exploitation, social exclusion and lack of family support turn to commercial sex and injecting drug use. They face an extremely high risk of infection as well as general stigma and discrimination for engaging in such behaviors. The very same young people most often lack access to HIV prevention and protection services. For national HIV responses to be effective, governments need to address the underlying problems of poverty, exclusion and gender inequality that threaten the health of future generations. Using equity as a guidepost helps to ensure those hardest to reach are not last in line, and that services are available to them and used by them.
“Nearly one of every two new adult HIV infections occurs among 15 to 24 year olds. The ILO Recommendation on HIV and AIDS and the World of Work calls for a special focus on young people in national policies and programmes on HIV and AIDS and highlights the role of education and training systems and youth employment programmes and services as critical channels for mainstreaming information about HIV,” said Juan Somavia, Director-General of the International Labour Organization (ILO). “Already young people often bear a disproportionate share of the burden of unemployment, underemployment and poverty, a situation aggravated by the global recession. We must enable young people to realize their full potential. Their strength is the strength of communities, societies and economies.”
As the report points out, there are opportunities to use proven prevention strategies in all epidemic contexts. In countries with generalized epidemics there are opportunities to encourage healthy attitudes and behaviours, ensure greater gender equality and allow protection to become the new norm. In sub-Saharan Africa, for example, the same social norms that tolerate domestic violence also prevent women from refusing unwanted sexual advances, negotiating safe sex, or criticizing a male partner’s infidelity – all of which threatens the goal of achieving an AIDS-free generation. And in countries with low-level and concentrated epidemics, where HIV infections among youth are driven by injecting drug use, sex work, or male to male sex, there are opportunities to reshape the legal and social milieu that compounds vulnerability and to empower young people with knowledge, prevention services and health care.
“Young people are not only tomorrow’s leaders, they are the leaders of today,” said Michel Sidibé, Executive Director of UNAIDS. “If young people are empowered to protect themselves against HIV, they can lead us to an HIV free generation.”
Photo 1: © UNICEF/NYHQ2011-0239/Olivier Asselin Cote d'Ivoire, 2011 Nurse Atse Kousso squeezes a drop of blood from the finger of Fatoumata Kabore onto an HIV test strip, during an antenatal consultation at the hospital in Kani, a town in Worodougou Region. Ms. Kabore is one month pregnant. HIV testing is an important part of routine antenatal care.
Photo 2: © UNICEF/NYHQ2011-0335/Olivier Asselin Congo, Democratic Republic of the, 2011, UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake chats with children affected by HIV/AIDS (either they or their parents are HIV-positive), at the HEAL Africa hospital in the eastern city of Goma, capital of North Kivu Province. The UNICEF-supported hospital provides free or low-cost health services for vulnerable populations, including antiretrovirals (ARVs) and other medicines for HIV-positive people.
Social Media Internship (UNICEF Haiti Youth Empowerment Initiative) in New York
INTERNSHIP DETAILS The Youth Section of UNICEF is looking for a dynamic social media intern who will work primarily on the Haiti Youth Empowerment Initiative engaging its community and creating content for its various online presence. The intern will be responsible of the administration of the Vwa Jen blog, a new platform created by UNICEF to report on issues which affect young people and adolescents in Haiti.
WHAT IS VWA JEN?
VwaJen is open to contributors from around the country and features articles and posts from children and adolescents, UNICEF staff and partners. Much like VOY, Its objective is to report on global and local issues affecting young people, promote a global dialogue and the sharing of information as well as featuring projects, events and ideas to enable meaningful interactions. VwaJen is under the Voices of Youth umbrella. . For more information on this internship and how to apply, please check this link.
"Spring Movements": Hope and Despair in 4 Minutes
From the Iranian-American filmmaker Justin Mashouf comes this powerful video inspired by recent uprisings in the Middle East and the North of Africa.
On his Youtube channel, Mashouf calls his piece an "an ode to movements striving to reclaim their dignity and sovereignty from their keepers."
Voices of Youth live @ Global Migration Group Symposium
Voices of Youth is tweeting live from the Global Migration Group (GMG) Symposium in New York! Follow us at Twitter.com/voices_of_youth !
Adolescents and Youth Migration: Harnessing the Development Potential while Mitigating Risk
Adolescents and Youth Migration: Harnessing the Development Potential while Mitigating Risk
Adolescents and youth migration: A reality to be taken into account Migration is not a new phenomenon; however, there are new demographic revelations with the estimated 214 million international migrants (World Migration Report 2010). For instance, women now comprise approximately 49 % of the world’s migrants – the so-called “feminization” of migration. More important is the startling numbers of young migrants. According to the Youth Supplement of the United Nations Population Fund(UNFPA) State of the World Population Report 2007, young people make up about a quarter of migrants worldwide. If the definition of youth includes young people up to the age of 29 , young people represent half of global migrant flows (UNFPA, 2006).
Beyond migrating themselves, youth are affected by migration in other ways. As the total number of international migrant’s increases, so does the number of children and youth who accompany their parents in the migration process or feel the impacts of migration – negative or positive – if they are left behind. The recent revolution in North Africa has already led to refugees seeking asylum and work in Europe, and is likely to further increase the number of young people in forced migration.
For demographic reasons and forecasting with various economic theories of migration, it is important to note that, Europe with its aging population will need young migrants more than ever to sustain and promote its economic growth.
Youth in the age of globalization have access to relatively cheap and easy means of transport, and are more likely than ever to migrate for reasons ranging from family reunification to the desire for better education and employment opportunities to the need to escape war or conflicts. As mobile phone networks and internet spread rapidly around the developing world, youth are increasingly aware of opportunities beyond their borders, even as immigration laws become stricter worldwide. A recent study in Ghana by an affiliate of Young People We Care, for example, found that over 88% of Ghanaian youth internet users had plans to leave the country within five years for education or employment.
A call for attention for the largely “invisible” people
Despite the growing number of young people affected by international migration, youth migration is rarely a key issue at international debates as compared to other issues like female migration. It is exciting, however, to see that the international community was no longer turning a blind eye to Child and Youth Migration at a time when youth unemployment – a key reason why many young people wish to migrate – has sparked revolutions in countries like Tunisia, spreading through Egypt to other North African countries. The entire African continent is at the brink of a revolution if we use youth unemployment as a yardstick for unseating failed governments or regimes. Still within the confines of the UN-proclaimed International Year of Youth, and for the second time the World Bank has advised African governments to urgently tackle youth unemployment to avoid losing economic gains in its 2011 World Development Report.
These developments also reminds me of a recent speaking engagement I had with UNICEF following the launch of its flagship State of the World Children’s report, which tried to make a case for investing in adolescents.
Traditionally, many politicians see young people as a “problem group.” Economists and demographers have put forth a number of reasons why Africa’s current youth bulge should be seen as a catalyst for development, however; if offered the right investment of resources, they will yield great economic, social and political dividends. All other things being equal, when a greater proportion of a country’s total population is in the middle-age phase of the demographic transition the country enjoys increased income growth, higher savings rates and increasing economic power, as experienced by as many as a third of East Asian countries with their so called “miracle” growth rates over the past few decades. This middle age or youth bulge presents a demographic dividend or potential which can help increase productivity, savings and investments – all of which are crucial for economic growth. However, sound economic policies are needed at this stage to help propel economic growth.
There are many logical reasons to invest in young people by promoting entrepreneurship and smooth school-to work-transition opportunities, amongst other programs. For instance, young people who would otherwise have been engaged in socially destructive activities such as armed robbery, irregular migration and prostitution, instead find worthwhile opportunities that promote their personal and community’s development in their country of origin. When opportunities are abundant for young people, they are able to make rational choices. Conversely, when youth lack opportunities such as education and employment, migration for instance becomes a necessity rather than a choice.
Appropriately, the Global Migration Group shall host a two day Informal Thematic Debate on International Migration and Development at United Nations Headquarters in New York on 19th of May, 2011 on “Migration, Adolescents and Youth: Harnessing Opportunities for Development”.
The way forward: Realizing needs of young migrants and involving them in shaping their own future To add to the debate on adolescents and youth migration, below are some recommendations that we would like the President of the General Assembly and the Global Migration Group to consider:
Create formal spaces for key affected populations of young people in migration policy debates: According to a recent UNICEF report, “young people are one of the important stakeholders in international migration. However, they are largely invisible in research, public debates and policy about international migration.” The first step to minimizing the costs and maximizing the gains of migration is to ensure the formal participation children and youth in the migration discourse at local, national and international levels, such as this UN-hosted event and the Global Forum on Migration and Development. Lessons could be learnt from the formalized participation of youth in other issues like HIV/AIDS. For instance, there is the youth-for-youth organized program at the annual International AIDS Conference that promotes exchange of both experiences and resources to promote active youth leadership in the addressing a key development issue like HIV/AIDS for which young people remain one of the hugely affected constituents. Participation should also move beyond tokenism to ensure that the views and concerns of young people are respected and the necessary projects and policies undertaken by policy planners, elected officials and decision-makers.
Capacity building for co-management of migration: There is a need for institutional capacity-building of youth-led organizations working on adolescents and youth migration issues, such as through trainings and funding of youth-led migration initiatives. By supporting grassroots, youth-focused organizations, development organizations and policy makers can learn firsthand about the real needs of young people to minimize the negative aspects of child and youth migration while leveraging the benefits and opportunities. Youth-led initiatives often lack the expertise, staff experience and long-term relationships to make a sustainable impact on issues like migration. Financial support and technical capacity-building are necessary for youth-led organizations to function effectively.
Support co-development: Host countries and countries of origin are increasingly initiating programs that recognize youth migrants as agents of development for their sending countries, but these programs should be greatly expanded. International organizations could support such initiatives with funding and capacity building. At this stage, the EC/UN Joint Initiative on Migration and Development is worth mentioning as one of the paramount examples of the ways in which international organizations can work with host countries, diaspora communities and sending countries to maximize the gains of migration. However, it is important for such initiatives to recognize youth-led migration initiatives as key to harnessing the development potential of youth migration.
Youth in the diaspora should also be targeted to help mobilize financial resources for development in sending countries with “diaspora bonds.” African youth such as Chelsea’s ace midfield player Michael Essien and Ghanaian singer and songwriter Rhian Benson are just two such African youth in the diaspora who could be targeted for diaspora bonds. A diaspora bond is a debt instrument issued by a country — or potentially, a subsovereign entity or even a private corporation — to raise financing from its overseas diaspora. Israel annually since 1951 and India on three occasions since 1991 have raised over US$35 billion using these bonds. Diaspora bonds could provide a lifeline to countries struggling for access to capital and funds for infrastructure development, according to Dilip Ratha, the World Bank’s Lead Economist on Migration and Remittances.
Address the root causes of migration: Despite the number of information campaigns conducted to dissuade youth from migrating irregularly, there are still media reports and empirical evidence of young people who undertake perilous journeys in attempts to reach the so-called greener pastures of Western countries. Meanwhile academicians exploring the relationship between economic development and emigration tend to agree that improving the economic opportunities for people in source countries is the best long-term solution to unauthorized migration. It is imperative for sending countries, especially African governments, to create the necessary opportunities for youth to be gainfully employed and educated, while also ensuring the meaningful participation of youth in the governance process of their countries of origin. Governments should note that migration can never be a substitute for the long-term gains of sound economic policies.
Ensure the social protection and promote human rights of young migrants: UNICEF country studies suggest that children and youth who are left behind by migrating relatives have a greater incidence of drug abuse and teen pregnancy , and are more prone to bouts of violent behaviour than children who live with their parents. Additionally, some studies find that children left behind face discrimination in their communities as a result of their parents' migration. Young migrants remain vulnerable to human rights abuses, such as labour exploitation, trafficking and physical abuse. It is important that governments initiate social protection mechanisms to help provide for and develop young people in sending countries, while their parents are away. Moreover, children whose parents are arrested or detained for legal issues during the migration process should be offered protection; detainment in deportation centers in developed countries increasingly lasts months or even years, during which period children are often left to fend for themselves or join their parents in degrading and humiliating detention conditions. Civil society organizations and the media should stimulate and play active role in ensuring government accountability in enhancing protection and integration of young migrants and alternative ways of participation for individual development.
Lastly, it is important for host countries to note that restrictive migration policies can never be the solution to reducing the rate of youth migration. Despite the huge benefits that guest worker programs have provided to countries like New Zealand and Canada, it is disappointing to note that such temporary or guest worker programs no longer exist for young people from many sending countries. Temporary migration programs could be one of the meaningful ways to satisfy the curiosity of young migrants while reducing the rate of irregular and non-circular migration among young people.
Conclusion Following the above discussion, it is apparent that there are various ways for the UN, sending countries and destination countries to work together to harness the development potential of children, adolescents and youth who are affected by migration, whether as migrants themselves or as family “left behind.” Properly managed which also requires the active participation of youth in migration debates, polices and actions , migration can serve as a “triple win” for sending countries, destination countries and young migrants themselves, all while minimizing the social and economic cost of migration.
**An open access article by Michael Boampong, with inputs from Ausrine Pasakarnyte and Céline Lemmel submitted to the Global Migration Group and the President of the General Assembly ahead of the informal debate to be held at the United Nations Headquarters in New York on 19th of May, 2011 on “Migration, Adolescents and Youth: Harnessing Opportunities for Development”. Michael, Ausrine and Céline are youth development activist who have coordinated three Youth Consultations on Migration and Development since 2008 to enhance youth perspectives on migration and development for NGO – Young People We Care. For further enquiries contact Michael via mboampong@gmail.com
Sources and Footnotes:
As is the case of the UNFPA report, the African Union also considers young a person to be young up to 35 years of age.
See: UNFPA (2006). Moving young : State of the world population 2006 – youth supplement: New York: United Nations Populations Fund.
The case for investing in young people was first made in the 2007 World Development Report, which postulated that “developing countries which invest in better education, healthcare, and job training for their record numbers of young people between 12 and 24 years of age could produce surging economic growth and sharply reduced poverty.”
See: Diaspora Bonds: Tapping The Diaspora During Difficult Times, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/TOPICS/Resources/214970-1288877981391/Ketkar-Ratha.pdf
See: World Migration Report, 2000. International Organization for Migration
See: Remarks By Ms. Kirsi Madi Deputy Regional Director For CEE/CIS, UNICEF On Behalf Of The Chair Of The Global Migration Group at http://www.unctad.org/sections/wcmu/docs/ciem4_OP_Madi_en.pdf
Picture uploaded by user Michael Boampong
La jeunesse haïtienne compte sur Michel Martelly pour propulser le pays sur la voie du changement
Le 14 mai prochain, Michel Martelly, un chanteur connu sous le nom de « Sweet Micky », succédera à René Préval à la présidence d’Haïti. A cette occasion, Voices of Youth a interrogé Carel Pedre, un animateur de radio âgé de 29 ans, célèbre dans son pays pour avoir été la « voix et le visage d’Haïti » alors qu’un séisme dévastateur venait de secouer l’île. Adepte des réseaux sociaux, Carel Pedre fut en effet le premier à tweeter des images du tremblement de terre du 12 janvier 2010 et à informer le reste du monde de la réalité de la situation sur le terrain.
VOY : Michel Martelly s’est fixé comme priorité la réforme du système éducatif en Haïti. Qu’attend la jeunesse haïtienne du nouveau président ?
Carel Pedre : Tout d’abord, il est important de souligner que la jeunesse de Michel Martelly, (qui n’est âgé que de 50 ans), par rapport à sa rivale, la candidate Mirlande Manigat (âgée de 71 ans), a été un facteur déterminant dans son élection. Ajoutons à cela le fait que Michel Martelly est un musicien très populaire en Haïti et qu’il est considéré dans le pays comme l’idole des jeunes. Il a également obtenu leur soutien en faisant de l’éducation gratuite son cheval de bataille [ndlr : 500 000 enfants en Haïti ne sont pas scolarisés] et a promis de créer des écoles professionnelles et des universités. Il a aussi déclaré qu’il donnerait accès au crédit aux jeunes. Il s’agissait de promesses bienvenues sachant qu’il est aujourd’hui extrêmement difficile pour les jeunes haïtiens d’obtenir des crédits pour acheter une maison ou une voiture. Son charisme et sa personnalité l’ont propulsé sur le devant de la scène politique alors qu’il n’avait aucune expérience politique. Dans un pays constitué d’une forte majorité de jeunes, je dirais d’ailleurs que c’est un peu un rêve vendu à la jeunesse qui l’a propulsé au pouvoir. Enfin, soulignons aussi qu’il s’agissait d’une des rares fois où les jeunes se sont impliqués dans les élections présidentielles, Michel Martelly ayant mené une campagne basée sur les réseaux sociaux et ayant participé à beaucoup d’émissions radiophoniques ciblant spécifiquement les jeunes.
VOY : Le nouveau président entend financer cet ambitieux projet d’éducation gratuite en instaurant une taxe spéciale visant la diaspora haïtienne. Cette mesure est-t-elle populaire et la diaspora est-elle prête, selon vous, à relever le défi ?
Carel Pedre : Pour financer son projet d’éducation, Michel Martelly a en effet proposé à la diaspora haïtienne une taxe sur les transferts d’argent ainsi que sur les appels internationaux et selon lui, l’Etat devrait pouvoir récolter plus de 8 millions de dollars par mois grâce à ce système de taxation [en prélevant 1 dollar sur chaque transfert et 5 centimes par minutes sur chaque appel]. Le nouveau président veut également donner aux gens de la diaspora la possibilité de créer une économie dynamique dans leur pays d’origine [ndlr : le parlement nouvellement élu vient d’autoriser la modification de la constitution haïtienne afin de rendre légal l’acquisition de la double nationalité, une mesure qui vise à encourager la diaspora à participer à la vie politique et économique du pays]. Michel Martelly devra cependant créer les conditions nécessaires afin de permettre à nos jeunes ingénieurs et docteurs de retourner au pays pour œuvrer à sa reconstruction. Mais Haïti souffre cependant d’un problème grave : trop souvent, les jeunes refusent de travailler pour l’Etat car ils ne bénéficient d’aucun avantage financier ou matériel et que l’Etat est faible. Le défi du nouveau président sera donc de créer un climat où les jeunes trouveront normal de travailler pour l’Etat. J’estime aussi qu’il appartient aux ONG installées dans le pays d’embaucher plus d’Haïtiens, ces dernières employant beaucoup d’étrangers qui n’ont pas forcément conscience de la réalité haïtienne.
VOY : Les élections législatives récentes se sont soldées par la victoire du parti de l’ancien président René Préval sur fond d’allégations de fraude. La corruption, qui continue de prévaloir dans le pays, ne risque-t-elle pas d’être le frein principal aux réformes envisagées par Michel Martelly?
Carel Pedre : L’image d’Haïti en souffre car il ne peut y avoir de stabilité politique sans élections crédibles. Le peuple haïtien n’a pas confiance en les institutions et le nouveau parlement peut bien entendu bloquer les réformes préconisées par le président. S’il veut redonner confiance aux bailleurs de fonds qui jugent qu’Haïti ne dépense pas l’argent prêté à bon escient, Michel Martelly devra donc redorer l’image du pays et redonner confiance aux investisseurs. Les mesures qu’il propose à ce jour semblent populaires mais la confiance continue de faire défaut car les gens se demandent si le nouveau gouvernement sera aussi corrompu que le précédent. On espère que le nouveau président va tenir ses promesses mais on ne connait pas encore la composition de son gouvernement. Les gens croient en sa bonne volonté mais Michel Martelly n’a pas encore fait ses preuves. Le défi sera donc de convaincre le parlement nouvellement élu de travailler harmonieusement avec son gouvernement. Il devra être le chef d’orchestre capable d’atteindre cette harmonie.
VOY : Constatez-vous un regain d’activisme porté par un désir de changement de la part de la jeunesse haïtienne et quel est le rôle d’outils de communication tels que Facebook et Twitter qui ont eu, semble-t-il, un impact très important dans les révolutions arabes de ces mois derniers?
Carel Pedre : Les choses ont complètement changé et il serait dommage que Michel Martelly et son gouvernement n’utilisent pas cette force de la jeunesse haïtienne qui souhaite aujourd’hui s’impliquer dans la reconstruction du pays. On sent une mobilisation de la part des jeunes qui s’organisent et sont prêts à travailler pour le pays. Les réseaux sociaux ont certainement facilité cette évolution mais en Haïti la vraie révolution se fait à la radio. Les jeunes appellent les stations de radio pour dire qu’ils sont prêts à mener le pays sur la voie du changement même s’ils réalisent que des problèmes politiquent bloquent la route. Trop souvent, nous pensons que c’est au gouvernement de faire des choses alors que nous devons être la force qui fait pression sur le gouvernement. S’il veut reconstruire le pays le nouveau président devra non seulement écouter la jeunesse mais aussi la mobiliser.
Image: Carel Pedre by @bousiko
The Right to Choose, the Right to Learn
I grew up seeing young people having to choose between work or school. I think that isn’t right – youth need both to grow up. In my life, I have been confronted with many situations; sometimes my parents could not pay the loans for my school, and sometimes I had more than enough. But most of the people in my life had no choice except to start working and to leave education behind.
In Thailand I have seen so many children lift trays of vegetables on their heads to sell around the city with no time left to play or to study. I strongly believe that young people, no matter where they are from and who they are, all have the right to both work and learn.
In the city where I am from, many young people crossed the border from Burma to find jobs in Thailand’s factories. I met a couple of girls from Burma at the Baptist Church and they told me that religion had kept them away from danger and the dark side of the city. One of the girls, who was 17-years-old, said she was happy with her work and her standard education at the religious school because she was able to make enough money to send back to her family in Burma. I was confused at how their families could allow such young teenage girls to cross the border by themselves in order to live in a new place and work in factories.
In reality, life held very little choice for them as the 17-year-old girl was sent illegally to Bangkok by an agency. I was scared for her as she headed to Bangkok. For a couple of months, I waited until she contacted me to tell me about life as an illegally employed adolescent in the big city. All of the money she made was sent to her family and it made me think, “couldn’t we support hard- working, illegal young people around the world instead of just calling them “illegals””?
This has to do with one particular country’s policies, but wouldn’t it make a big difference if we could offer illegal youth a lawful career along with education? Perhaps, this support could be volunteering at school in exchange for free education or free meals. What if the youth around the world no longer had to face discrimination and trafficking? Would they have more time to study and play? Would they have more time to become the world’s leaders? And would my friends have to be sent away to live with strangers and work from 6 a.m. until 1 a.m. the next day?
Photo: © UNICEF/NYHQ2009-2056/Josh Estey Thailand, 2009, (Centre) Pimolpan, 9, attends class in the town of Phang Nga, Thai Mueang District, in Phang Nga Province. Pimolpan and her brother live with their aunt. Their mother was killed during the tsunami and their father died of AIDS.
De Religiones y Diversidad
Si hablamos de religión en latinoamerica, quizás la referencia más inmediata que tengamos sea la del cristianismo católico, la principal religión en nuestros países, y en menor medida, el cristianismo protestante.
Pero no es el caso de muchos de los otros países del mundo; El Islam es la segunda religión más profesada en el mundo seguida del budismo...y la lista que le sigue es bastante más larga. Adicionalmente podemos encontrar a los creyentes pero sin religión, a los no creyentes sin ninguna religión o incluso a los que no saben si creer.
Tanta diversidad, tanta diferencia y quizás tantos puntos en común, no han demostrado ser un punto de encuentro, de intercambio, de enriquecimiento entre los seres humanos. Por el contrario, ha sido motivo de violencia en todos los niveles y de todo tipo. Y un mundo así, es realmente invivible, como ha sido el mundo de muchas personas donde estos conflictos están cada vez más acentuados: países europeos que prohíben a las mujeres musulmanas a usar el velo, países musulmanes en los que chocan católicos y diferentes líneas del islam, países ocupados, etc.
Recuerdo alguna vez que conversaba con una compañera musulmana de Sri Lanka, y con quien creía que no tenía absolutamente nada en común. Como no había ningún motivo para no querer conocer mejor su cultura, sus creencias, sus ideas, las dos nos dimos un espacio para el intercambio de nuestras formas de ver la vida, la naturaleza, el ser humano. Al final, me di cuenta que efectivamente teníamos muchas diferencias en cuanto a la forma de considerar el mundo, empezando por el simple hecho de que yo como estudiante de geología veía muy poco probable la creación del mundo en unos días, sino que en cambio, habría sido en millones de años. Sin embargo, al final teníamos también muchas cosas en común: ambas trabajábamos a nuestro modo y adaptadas a nuestro contexto, por los derechos de las niñas y mujeres en nuestras comunidades. Y eso fue mucho más importante que lo otro, porque por distintos caminos, las dos buscábamos un cambio, para que las mujeres allá y acá pudieran vivir de una forma más digna.
Los medios de comunicación nos pueden tirar valoraciones directas o indirectas de una religión u otra, muchas veces sesgadas. Puedes estar de acuerdo o no con una opinión o con esa ideología, pero sobre todo yo pensaría que la mía no tiene porque ser la correcta y “absoluta”. No todo es negro o blanco, quizás si miramos un poco más en detalle a nuestras sociedades, encontraremos también muchas de esas cosas que le criticamos a otras religiones. Respetando y aceptando otras formas de vida, de ideas, de creencias, o incluso la no creencia en ninguna religión, quizás sea un buen paso para vivir en una sociedad que respete la pluralidad y la diversidad del mundo, en paz.
Foto: © UNICEF/MENA01324/Giacomo Pirozzi. Una profesora esta parada al lado de una alumna en un colegio secundario en Amman, la capital de Jordania, 1999.
Follow Alejandra @ Twitter.com/alejandraVOY
L'énergie nucléaire a-t-elle signé son arrêt de mort avec Fukushima?
Le violent tremblement de terre qui a touché le Japon le 11 mars 2011 a causé de nombreux dégâts matériels et la mort ou la disparition de plus de vingt mille personnes. Malheureusement, que ce soit du côté des populations affectées, voire même du peuple nippon en général, ou de celui des autorités, le deuil de ce drame semble pour le moment un peu ralenti, sinon suspendu.
En effet, le tremblement de terre a débouché sur une catastrophe nucléaire à la suite de l’explosion d’un des réacteurs de la centrale nucléaire de Fukushima, dans le Centre-Nord de l’Ile de Honshu. L’arrêt du système de refroidissement est principalement en cause. Malgré les nombreux efforts consentis par les autorités et l’opérateur gestionnaire de cette centrale pour faire face à cette situation et rassurer les populations et autres médias, avec la création d’un périmètre de sécurité de trente mètres autour de la centrale, ces derniers ne cachent pas que la situation reste critique. L’annonce d’une probable autre fuite d’eau radioactive qui se déverserait dans la mer a été faite le courant de cette semaine par l’Opérateur gestionnaire de la centrale de Fukushima. L’ampleur de cette catastrophe nucléaire, même si la vérité sur la situation réelle actuelle nous parait un peu incomplète, risque de se rapprocher de celle d’une autre qui s’est durablement inscrite dans l’histoire du nucléaire : l’accident de Tchernobyl, en Ukraine.
Le 26 avril 1986 l’un des quatre réacteurs d’une centrale nucléaire située à une vingtaine de kilomètre de Tchernobyl a explosé. L’accident, arrivé alors que le système de refroidissement fût éteint, a détruit l’enveloppe de protection du réacteur. Ce qui a libéré dans l’atmosphère une quantité si grande de radioactivité que certains spécialistes ont estimé être au moins égale à cent fois celle libérée par les bombes de type Hiroshima. En plus de l’Ukraine, la Biélorussie, la Finlande, la Pologne, l’Allemagne et la France font partie des pays qui ont été touchés par ce nuage radioactif libéré à Tchernobyl. L’impact sur l’homme (des certaines de milliers de victimes chez qui les doses de radioactivités ont créé des problèmes de santé, situation dramatique des milliers de personnes – les Liquidateurs- qui sont intervenues sur le site) et sur l’environnement (terres et nourritures contaminées, taux très élevé de mutation chez certains animaux dans la zone) a été et reste très fort.
Alors, la catastrophe de Fukushima va –telle faciliter la mort du nucléaire, comme le souhaitent depuis longtemps de nombreux militants écologiques ? Ce que nous savons, c’est que la situation au Japon a remis sur la table le débat de la fin du nucléaire et du développement des énergies renouvelables. Ce débat est beaucoup plus prononcé dans les "grands pays nucléaires" tel que la France qui compte le plus de centrales nucléaires au monde et dont la part du nucléaire dans l’électricité est très importante. D’un côté les "pros nucléaires" qui considèrent que la sortie du nucléaire serait préjudiciable pour l’économie, voire suicidaire, car obligerait à une forte augmentation du prix de l’électricité (le nucléaire permet d’avoir des coûts moins élevés). En plus, s’ils sont d’accord qu’il faut augmenter la part des énergies renouvelables et propres (panneaux solaires, éoliennes, par exemple) dans l’énergie produite ou utilisée, ils estiment que cela reviendrait plus cher. De l’autre côté les "anti nucléaires » qui estiment que le nucléaire reste très dangereux pour la vie humaine.
A côté de la sûreté nucléaire (réduction jusqu’à son plus faible niveau des risques radioactifs liés au nucléaire) qui n’est pas garantie à cent pour cent, la gestion des déchets nucléaires, qui restent bien souvent dangereux pendant des milliers d’années, reste un problème permanent pour les générations futures. Pour ce qui est du coût élevé des énergies renouvelables, les militants écologiques estiment que le débat est faussé vu que dans le nucléaire l’évaluation des coûts ne prend pas en compte celui du démantèlement des installations. Sa prise en compte changerait la donne.
Nous, nous pensons que si le nucléaire permet d’avoir une énergie à moindre coût, et c’est certainement ce qui pousse le Sénégal (pays en Afrique de l’ouest) à s’y intéresser pour faire face à ces grands problèmes d’énergie, son impact sur l’environnement et sur l’homme reste grand. En plus, la question de la gestion des déchets ne nous parait pas encore rassurante car le stockage à des milliers de mètres sous terre et dans des zones géologiques dites stables a montré ses limites en Allemagne. Doit-on donc en sortir ? Certainement, mais de toute façon ce doit être un processus qui s’étale sur le long terme et dans lequel le développement des énergies renouvelables sera amélioré. Il faut cependant garder à l’esprit les réalités économiques du monde et le fait que les populations devraient comprendre qu’elles devront mettre un peu plus la main à la poche.
Follow Rodrigue @ Twitter.com/rodrigueVOY
Photo 1: © UNICEF/NYHQ2011-0424/Adam Dean In 13 March, children and their mothers play in an emergency evacuation centre for people affected by the earthquake and subsequent tsunami, in the city of Koriyama, in Fukushima Prefecture.
Photo 2: © UNICEF/NYHQ1991-0829/Andrew Shukin Since the 1986 accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power generating plant in the Ukraine, increasing numbers of children born in the southern regions of neighbouring Bylorussia - downwind at the time of the explosion - have genetic abnormalities.
Stuttering and Being Confident
As a person who stutter, I was recently involved in a challenging situation and had a great lesson, which I want to share in this post. Looking for a new job as an Engineer here in Brazil, I was called few weeks ago by a great Engineering company with 15.000 employees for an interview in their facility in another state, along with 13 other candidates.
Stuttering is influenced by numerous factors, including the kind of situation. One of the worst kinds is a job interview. And another very critical one is a round of individual self presentations in a group. And what happened to me in that afternoon was both, simultaneously.
I waited for my turn concentrating the more I could in the speech techniques that effectively help me improve fluency, but knowing the situation's complexity was very high. I was going to be evaluated for a big job opportunity, and the attention of all 13 candidates and 3 supervisors in the room would be in me for those moments. When my time came, I started my speech as slow as I could, saying my name and telling they would probably notice I may stutter when I speak - which is always a good way to bring more comfort to the conversation. Before I could keep talking, one of the supervisors stopped me to make a comment I will not forget.
The man told me that months ago, in another selection process, there was a candidate they liked very much and who stuttered. Facing this condition, their director decided not to pick him. The process continued, and that candidate was picked by another department in the same company. And today he is a great Engineer there, who helps everyone a lot and is very important in his team.
Noticing this, the department that did not choose him felt really bad about their wrong criteria, concerning productivity, and learned the person's abilities for the job and what one has to say were more important than the way one speaks, and that communication could work properly even with stuttering. So he told me not to worry, and that my skills and potential for the job were the subjects to be evaluated at that moment.
What followed was I could speak really well by feeling confident, a feeling I hope more and more people who still struggle with their speech get.
Rodrigo Ribeiro Porto Alegre, Brazil
Photo from recent Academy Award winning movie "The King's Speech" in which Colin Firth impersonates Prince Albert, Duke of York/King George VI. The film details him working to overcome his speech impediment while becoming monarch of the United Kingdom at the outbreak of World War II. (Creative Commons)
Les enfants de Fukushima
Alors que le Japon vient d’annoncer la fermeture de la Centrale de Hamaoka, située dans une région où les risques sismiques sont élevés, par peur d’un accident nucléaire et que le premier ministre a déclaré que le pays allait désormais privilégier les énergies renouvelables, Voices of Youth s’inquiète de la situation des enfants, victimes innocentes de Fukushima.
Au collège de Shoyo localisé dans la préfecture de Fukushima, les élèves portent masques, casquettes et t-shirts à manches longues, rapporte une dépêche de Bloomberg publiée le 12 mai dans le Japan Times.
Non par choix mais par nécessité, cet uniforme de fortune étant censé les protéger des effets radioactifs. « On demande aux élèves de ne pas sortir dans la cour de récréation et les fenêtres de notre établissement restent fermées », assure Yukihide Sato, vice-proviseur de cette école située à 60 km de Fukushima, ville devenue fantôme, siège d’une catastrophe nucléaire digne de Tchernobyl déclenchée par le séisme et tsunami qui ont dévasté le Japon le 11 mars dernier.
La décision de rouvrir certaines écoles de la région ces jours derniers a été particulièrement controversée, le gouvernement japonais ayant fait le choix de relever le niveau de radioactivité considéré sans danger pour les citoyens de 1 à 20 milisievert par an, histoire de permettre aux écoliers de la région de Fukushima de regagner les bancs de l’école et de reprendre une vie normale. « 20 milisievert par an, c’est le niveau admis pour les travailleurs du nucléaire. C’est 20 fois plus que ce qu’on tolère d’habitude pour des citoyens lambda !», s’est notamment indigné Yannick Rousselet, chargé de campagne nucléaire pour Greenpeace, association environnementale qui milite pour une sortie du nucléaire, dans un communiqué de presse.
Inquiètes pour la santé de leurs enfants, les familles des écoliers concernés se sont cependant mobilisées pour faire pression sur le gouvernement afin qu’ils n’exposent pas leurs enfants à des risques de cancer et autres maux liés aux effets radioactifs. « La catastrophe de Tchernobyl nous a montré que les enfants sont bien plus vulnérables que les adultes aux effets des radiations », martèle Greenpeace qui fait pression sur les gouvernements étrangers pour qu’ils exigent des autorités japonaises qu’elles cessent de manipuler les normes et de prétendre que les risques sont contrôlés. Dans une lettre adressée au président français Nicolas Sarkozy, pourtant farouche défenseur de l’énergie nucléaire, Greenpeace priait ce dernier d’intervenir sans délai auprès du gouvernement japonais. « Une limite d’exposition maximale de 1 milisievert par an doit être appliquée dans la préfecture de Fukushima, et des mesures d’urgence sont nécessaires pour garantir qu’aucun enfant (ni aucun adulte) ne soit exposé à des niveaux de radioactivité qui ne seraient en aucun cas tolérés pour des citoyens français », écrit Pascal Husting, directeur général de Greenpeace France, à Nicolas Sarkozy.
Le quotidien britannique The Guardian rapportait de son côté qu’un groupe de parents avaient livré un sac rempli de terre radioactive provenant de la cour de récré d’une école de Fukushima à des fonctionnaires du ministère de l’éducation afin d’exprimer leur fureur, preuve que les citoyens ne sont pas dupes et sont prêts à se battre pour protéger leurs enfants.
Photo @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/ssoosay/5529032597/sizes/m/in/photostream/
Promouvoir la tolérance religieuse à l’école : un impératif pour la paix
Alors que de violents affrontements interconfessionnels opposant musulmans et chrétiens ont secoué l’Egypte le weekend dernier et fait 12 morts et plus de 200 blessés, Voices of Youth souhaite encourager les jeunes du monde entier à réfléchir sur les différentes façons de combattre l’intolérance religieuse de manière collective et individuelle. « L’intolérance d’une société est la somme de l’intolérance de ses membres » rappelait un rapport de l’UNESCO publié il y a quelques années. « Le sectarisme, les stéréotypes, la stigmatisation, les insultes et les plaisanteries racistes sont autant d’exemples de manifestations individuelles d’intolérance auxquelles nombres de personnes sont soumises quotidiennement », précisait ce même rapport qui préconise notamment l’implémentation de solutions locales.
Un récent article du Jakarta Globe, quotidien indonésien en langue anglaise, raconte que le gouvernement indonésien étude la possibilité d’inclure des leçons de tolérance religieuse dans le cursus éducatif national, les violences interconfessionnelles menaçant l’unité de la plus grande nation musulmane au monde. Muhammad Nuh, le ministre de l’éducation nationale, cité par le quotidien, a expliqué notamment qu’il considérait que les écoles pouvaient jouer un rôle fondamental en promouvant la tolérance entre les jeunes et en les éduquant sur le sujet.
Le gouvernement québécois, pays où le nationalisme est parfois exacerbé, offre depuis trois ans un programme d’éthique et culture religieuse ECR à tous les élèves du primaire et du secondaire qui remplace les programmes d’enseignement moral et religieux (catholique et protestant) dispensés jusque-là dans les écoles du pays. But de cette initiative ? « Acquérir ou consolider la notion selon laquelle toutes les personnes sont égales sur le plan des droits et de la dignité et s’épanouir dans une société où se côtoient plusieurs valeurs et croyances ».
Selon un article publié le 23 avril dernier dans le journal québécois Le Devoir, si certains militants nationalistes souhaitent l’abolition de ce programme car ils y voient « un cheval de Troie du multiculturalisme », une majorité de québécois semble l’avoir accepté. Le Devoir cite notamment les propos d’Elisabeth Garant, directrice du Centre Justice et Foi, publiés dans un ouvrage collectif intitulé « La religion sans confession : regards sur le cours d’éthique et culture religieuse », récemment paru au Québec. « A notre époque, vouloir ignorer totalement les phénomènes religieux et leur influence n’a aucun sens », estime-t-elle. « La réflexion faite au Québec, en choisissant de maintenir dans nos écoles le cours d’ECR, est de considérer qu’il est nécessaire de le faire sous le mode de l’apprentissage culturel sans chercher à influencer les choix de croyance ou d’incroyance des individus », poursuit cette dernière avec justesse.
« La tolérance est une porte ouverte sur la paix » titrait le rapport de l’UNESCO cité plus haut qui préconise la mise en route d’un processus d’apprentissage de la tolérance dans les écoles et donne quelques pistes de réflexion aux professeurs et aux étudiants:
-Quelles possibilités d’apprentissage y-a-t-il dans votre école ou votre communauté pour promouvoir le respect des différences et pour encourager les jeunes à régler des conflits ?
-Comment pensez-vous promouvoir la tolérance religieuse ? Les réseaux sociaux peuvent-ils encourager une réflexion multiculturelle sur ce sujet?
-Quelles actions concrètes souhaitez-vous prendre pour éliminer les discriminations raciales, sexuelles et religieuses au sein de votre école et communauté ?
Voices of Youth souhaite participer activement à la discussion. Envoyez-nous vos témoignages et suggestions et nous les publierons afin de faire avancer le débat.
Picture: @http://www.flickr.com/photos/kentofkent/4786986517/
Learning Religious Tolerance in Grade School
"You can only trust a Muslim when he's asleep or dead.”
I used to hear some people in my neighborhood say this when I was a kid. I grew up as a half-Catholic, half-Pentecostal Christian in southern Mindanao in the Philippines. My mother brought me to mass on some Sundays and I tagged along with my paternal grandmother to her church service on other days. Our city has a sizable Muslim population but the majority is non-Muslims or rather loosely grouped as "Christians." We didn't have any outright religious riots or sectarian violence but there were occasional bombings attributed to a Muslim terrorist group.
My mother had a friend who would come to our house once in a while and bring us home-made nata de coco, a semi-sweet dessert ingredient made from fermented coconut water. I knew she was a Muslim because she wore a hijab. She and my mother would sit in our living room and talk for hours so I safely assumed that she had no plans of blowing up our house. Besides, my life philosophy as a child was anyone who brings me stuff must be a nice person.
I eventually gained a few Muslim friends when I went to school. The thing about being in a playground is that your religion matters way less than your ability to throw a ball, run fast and find a really cool hiding place. Our 10-year-old selves didn't care much about why we have a different God or who stole land from whom.
One of my friends told me about her father's four wives and how they were able to get along. I was clueless then about the concept of polygamy in Islam. I thought it was strange but she seemed perfectly fine with her dad having other wives aside from her mother so I figured hey, her family just happens to have a different structure from mine. No big deal.
I had another friend who was head over heels in love with a Catholic girl. Like any pre-adolescent boy, he expressed his affection by wordlessly staring at her and running away like a scared puppy whenever she comes near. He swore that he'd marry her someday. I bluntly pointed out that she's not a Muslim. He readily and recklessly answered that he's willing to convert to Christianity just for her. We were 11, what did we know.
My Muslim friend was neither asleep nor dead but I realized that, contrary to what some grownups in my neighborhood had said, I could actually trust him. He was there for me when a mean teacher made me cry, he saw me through my first childhood heartbreak, and he often gave up his seat for me in Home Econ (there was a limited number of good seats in our Home Ec class).
The high school I went to had a slightly higher Muslim population than other schools in our city. It was part of a university system which was established to facilitate "the integration of peoples in southern Philippines particularly Muslims and other cultural minorities." My Muslim classmates attended Arabic classes while Catholics held mass once a month. We did not throw rocks at each other and we didn't set each other's worship areas on fire. For the most part, we really just wanted to get through high school.
In college, I made friends with a girl in my dorm who is an avid Harry Potter fan. She also had this phrase posted on her wall: Allahu Akbar, Subhan Allah, Al-hamdu Lillah (Allah is the Greatest, Glory be to Allah, Praise be to Allah). We watched Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets together, cheered for our school's basketball team in the opening game of the season, and screamed our heads off when our favorite band played in the biggest concert on campus. We had different ideas about Jesus and there were times when we had intense arguments about it but at the end of the day, we still had the same favorite song.
Ever since grade school, my friends and I have never had classes on tolerance and religious freedom. We got along simply because we had fun together, and the things that brought us together mattered more than the stuff that made us different. This is not to dismiss religion as a peripheral issue or to say that our common interest in music is more important that our concept of God. Our spiritual beliefs after all are an essential part of what defines our identity. But as we go through life together, we realized that we can live with our differences and still celebrate our commonalities.
I'm not saying though that things are perfect in my corner of the world as far as religious tolerance is concerned. I also have Christian friends who are afraid of and angry at Muslims. It would be all too easy to brand them as narrow-minded bigots but the thing is, they also grew up in places where grenades were thrown at Christian churches. They've lived with the fear of bomb threats and terrorist attacks. For them, trusting a hijab-wearing woman or a taqiyah-wearing man is out of the question.
Unfortunately, they can't go back to a more innocent time in grade school and meet a Muslim kid who would give up his seat in Home Ec for them. But hopefully, they'd still have a chance to realize that terrorism and Islam are not synonymous terms. Hopefully, we would never be too old to learn that we can still trust people even if they happen to pray to a different God.
Photo: Kristine in her high school senior year 2002 with multi religious friends: Two of them are muslims, one protestant and the others catholics.
High School is Not the Same as You See in Movies!
The first day at Brooklyn International High School (BIHS), my first United States education experience, was different from what I would refer it today. I arrived in NY with my family from Thailand in June of 2008. With the limited English language I had learned in Thailand; I found life in New York wasn’t fun and easy at all. During summer of 2008, I was told from people who have been here ahead of my family that I have to continue my education in New York public high school, which later I learned I would be attending BIHS in Brooklyn.
Before the fall semester of 2008 started, I had to be in summer school to prepare myself for learning in a new language, the United States education system and getting used to a new type of environment. The Karen family, who lived in the same apartment where my family lived, guided us to the International Rescue Committee (IRC), New York resettlement office to find me a summer school. IRC helps refugees from many countries, diverse ages and life background and support us to go through a process: I would call it “Building a new life”. Steps to build a new life starts from learning English, learning about the transportation system (subway), learning about going to the hospital, making an appointment, contact a bank, apply for social security card, state ID card, apply for public assistance and search for job/school.
At the 2008 IRC Refugees Youth Summer Academy, I was a high school student and studied with friends from all around the world. It was then when I learned what high school actually is: it is not the same high school you see in movies at all. For example there are no mean or jealous girls or boys in the hallway all the time. High School to me is to learn to study, learn to have fun, learn to love each other and learn to know who you are and to reach what you dream of.
I have to say, I did not get perfect English from the IRC summer academy. That was not actually the primary purpose of the program either. All subjects they taught were scary to me, subjects were all taught in English and I missed school for two years in the refugee camp, so those were almost like new things in my head. In fact, the primary purpose of IRC summer academy program is to help us, young refugees who have left our homes and come to new country to overcome challenges and know how to solve them - not to solve the challenges for us but to teach us how to solve it. My success at the IRC summer academy was I became a learner about my environment, adaptability and learned how to build new friendship with friends from countries I had never heard about before. More importantly, I learned to overcome myself. I think these are the most powerful tools I need in order to survive and succeed anywhere, everywhere I go.
In September of 2008, I started my first year of high school at BIHS as a “freshman” (9th grade). I did not know what a freshman actually was (I thought it sounded like fisherman, and was too confused why older students were calling us “fisherman” and we called them “seniors” if they are not that old?). I did not like it, first year at this school. The school with almost no rules, we called teachers by their first names, and almost did not have to use Mr. or Ms. in front of their names. We could bring food in the classroom and dating, make up, coloured nails and hair and jewellery were allowed? Then how can students live with discipline and limitation?
Being the only student who speaks Thai as the first language in school gave me the advantage to learn English faster than others. I was able to understand different accents and pick up English faster than I thought I would, but it was not always good. I missed the opportunity to enjoy my culture and traditions from my home. I missed the encouragement to express my culture to others. But the reason I think BIHS is the best place in the world where I could be right now, is not because there is not a lot of rules but because of the supports and help I can find from the BIHS community and because it is a place where everyone can find out who they are (later, I learned that it was me who sat at the corner and did not do any reach out, there are plenty of places in school where I can share my culture.)
By the second semester of sophomore year (10th grade), I learned why rules are not the most important thing in the school. Rules are not the most important factor in school because they make us only think in terms of “have to do it” not “want to do it”. Because of support and understandings from BIHS community, it makes me think that the truth is “I want to be good here and I want to do good things, while I am still in this house not because I have to but because I want to.” If anyone at BIHS especially the “freshman” says they do not want to be in BIHS, I would not be surprised, because for us to love this school we must first find the difficulty and then we will know why this school is so supportive. And One day they will know that they are lucky to have a chance to grow in the BIHS.
Receiving unique ways of teaching and exploring subjects from teachers in BIHS helps us understand about schoolwork better. Teachers teach us slowly and lay their trusts on us that we can do it. Students at BIHS have been in this country, the USA, less than four years and English is not our first language. So, everyone is new and everything is complicated for us. Learning what we have to know from school is not the only thing we need to know now but we must learn to “survive” in this country as well.
Together with support from the IRC, BIHS community, other organizations and supporters (the list is really long) and of course, my friends and family, I was able to figure out, what I think I want to become. I want to share this story from my school with everyone because I think it is important that we often talk about the positive aspects and the help that we get, rather than recognize only what we need or miss. Any change for good, starts from small, passionate and positive movements and it must also often be talked about what we have so there will be enough encouragement and powerful will-power to keep fighting for good.
Photo: Brooklyn International High School students won the award of second place at the Social Expo event, topic of "Human Rights" at New York University May 2011.
Energía nuclear vs. Energías alternativas
Quizás si pensamos en energía nuclear, puede que se nos vengan a la cabeza varias ideas: progreso?, riesgo?, Chernóbil?, Japón?...
Pero antes que nada…sabemos qué es la energía nuclear? La energía nuclear (de forma muyyy simplificada), es la energía que se libera espontánea o artificialmente en los procesos de combinación y transformación de las núcleos atómicos.
Sin embargo, cuando hablamos de energía nuclear también nos referimos al aprovechamiento de esta energía ya sea para la obtención de energía eléctrica, térmica y mecánica, y su aplicación, bien sea con fines pacíficos o bélicos. Sin embargo, uno de sus principales problemas es que ésta genera residuos peligrosos los cuales es necesario almacenar en algún sitio (el cual no se sabe con certeza dónde), además de los altos costos que implica el mantenimiento de estos residuos. La “crisis” del modelo nuclear revivió luego que la central nuclear de Fukushima fuese dañada tras el terremoto y posterior tsunami del 11 de marzo. El gobierno de Japón lucha aún hoy para contener la radiación derivada de la explosión de la central en la que el grosso de las victimas, han sido jóvenes entre los 20 y 25 años. A propósito de las tragedias nucleares, no olvidamos tampoco, que el pasado 26 de abril, se cumplió 25 años de la tragedia de Chernóbil.
Entonces, nos preguntamos….¿cuál es la alternativa? La respuesta es bien sabida, aunque poco difundida: Las energías renovables.
Existen muchos argumentos que señalan la poca preparación de las energías renovables para suministrar la totalidad de la demanda de energía en el planeta y además señalan las ventajas del uso de la energía nuclear contra el cambio climático. Sin embargo, se va conociendo cada vez más de que las energías renovables no sólo son posibles sino que además factibles. Incluso, si el uso de las energías renovables es masivo, cada vez más hogares podrían producir su propia energía. Si las personas empiezan a poner paneles solares o molinos de viento en sus tejados y jardines, etc., su dependencia del suministro de energía eléctrica por parte de compañías privadas, se vería considerablemente reducido. Es acá donde viene el conflicto: grandes compañías de explotación y suministro de energía, apoyadas en varias ocasiones por gobiernos, mantienen un negocio rentable y en algunas zonas, el monopolio energético total, que difícilmente dejarán que sea reemplazado por energías más baratas y sustentables.
El paradigma debe cambiar, y es nuestra responsabilidad como jóvenes el impulsar cambios en los hábitos, a nivel personal y colectivo. En caso contrarío, el planeta no daría para mucho más. Los jóvenes manifiestan cada vez más su apoyo a las energías renovables porque somos concientes del planeta que tenemos y el planeta que queremos. Imagen: 20090725elpepivin_2
La Muerte de Niños en Conflictos Armados: Un Problema Sudamericano
Durante el último decenio, se estima que más de 2 millones de niños y niñas murieron a causa de conflictos armados y violaciones de los derechos humanos y 20 millones tuvieron que abandonar sus hogares debido a guerras en el mundo. Cuando hablamos de cifras globales puede sonar un poco lejano, pero cuando miramos a Latinoamerica, quizás encontremos que el problema está más cerca de lo que pensamos.
En Colombia, nuestro caso regional, se estima que son casi 15.000 el número de niños y niñas con edades comprendidas entre 9 y 16 años, los combatientes en los ejércitos de fuerzas insurgentes y de grupos paramilitares. Estos menores de edad son utilizados para acciones de alto riesgo tales como la activación y desactivación de minas antipersonales, espionaje, servidumbre y esclavitud sexual para la tropa. Según el informe de UNICEF Impacto del Conflicto Armado en los Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes de América Latina, "los niños y adolescentes son reclutados por representar un potencial humano disponible, maleable y capaz de realizar diversas tareas en los frentes de combate sin medir riesgos...... La proliferación de armas pequeñas y ligeras de fácil manejo, tales como pistolas, revólveres, fusiles de asalto livianos, ametralladoras, minas y granadas, permiten su utilización a niños y niñas de apenas 10 años".
No hay duda que el reclutamiento de niñas y niños a grupos armados, es un hecho que viola gravemente sus derechos a la vida, la libertad, a la seguridad, a una familia, a la educación, a la salud, la protección contra la explotación y el abuso sexual.
Sin embargo, uno de los daños más complejos y profundos que experimentan los niños y niñas involucradas en la guerra, es quizás el daño psicológico. Crueles historias de niños obligados que han sido reclutados de manera voluntaria o involuntaria han sido bien documentadas, como las encontradas por la investigadora Liliana Ramirez Arías. Una de sus entrevistas, recogida en un artículo de la periodista Luz María Sierra sobre el reclutamiento de niños por parte de grupos paramilitares, cuenta que:
“En el 2001, ’Martín Llanos’ decidió hacer fuerte su ejército. En un solo curso, de los varios que hizo en el 2002, entrenó a 220 muchachos. Se veían niños hasta de 13 años. A muchos los recogían de los pueblos y fincas de la zona, a otros los sacaron de correccionales como la de Villavicencio, se llevaron niños de la calle de Bogotá, hasta algunos incautos que caían con avisos que invitaban a ir a un "centro de rehabilitación especial para la drogadicción. A muchos les decían que iban a recoger arroz, y cuando llegaban y se daban cuenta, se veía mucho hombre llorar", recuerda uno de ellos.
*Y lloraban porque los entrenamientos eran campos de exterminio: muchos se quedaban a mitad de camino destrozados por sus mismos compañeros. El método ’pedagógico’ era macabro: se deshacían de los débiles o los que no parecían estar convencidos de la causa y con sus crueles asesinatos le daban al resto lecciones de barbarie. A los pocos días de llegados, les tocaba participar del descuartizamiento de cualquier recluta por una falta ínfima. No importaba la falta, era solo una excusa para convertir, en menos de dos meses, muchachos de 16 años en hombres dispuestos a matar.
"Los cursos antes eran más difíciles, de 20 que entraban solo salían (vivos) 10 ó 5. Después, de 180, solo se quedaban en el camino 10 ó 15". En un momento dado, abrumados además por la inmensidad del llano y la soledad, perdían cualquier sentido de los valores humanos. Hasta el punto de que tomaban como un pasatiempo de adolescentes comer carne humana. Contaba también como les hacían tomar la sangre de los compañeros que mataban en entrenamiento "para obtener la fuerza del muerto".*
Estas historias son muy graves, pero más grave aún es el hecho de que gran parte del país nunca se enteró de esto, ya sea porque evidentemente los noticieros tenían noticias más “prioritarias, felices y entretenidas” para mostrar o porque todo formaba parte de todo un esquema impulsado desde el mismo estado para ocultar la existencia real y las consecuencias del conflicto armado. Aún hoy, el estado colombiano no reconoce públicamente la existencia de un conflicto armado en Colombia.
Y qué pasa con la vida de un niño, una niña, un adolescente que ha sido sometido a todas estas situaciones crueles de guerra, de qué forma puede retomar una vida “normal”? Cuál sería el rol de la sociedad civil en la "reinserción" de estos niños y niñas a la sociedad? Sin duda, el rol del estado debería ser lo suficientemente fuerte para velar por la seguridad y la protección de los chicos que han sido forzados a participar de la guerra, aunque lamentablemente no ha sido el caso de la gran mayoria de paises con esta problemática.
_Photo by © UNICEF/NYHQ2004-0784/Donna DeCesare A boy waits for his sister near a playground outside her school, Escuela Urbana Mixta, in the remote jungle village of Bellavista in the municipality of Bojayá in the north-western department of Chocó. The guns and military packs behind him belong to government soldiers.
http://www.nodo50.org/tortuga/Una-historia-de-crueldades
Vivons Ensemble
« Faire échec à la contre-révolution ». Ainsi peut-on résumer la détermination du ministre égyptien dans sa réaction suite aux violents affrontements qui ont opposé les musulmans et les coptes (chrétiens de l’Egypte, environ 10% de la population) dans la soirée du samedi 7 mai 2011. Le bilan officiel donne au moins dix morts et plus de deux cent blessés, sans préciser la confession des victimes. Depuis plusieurs mois, des musulmans reprochaient aux responsables de l’Eglise de séquestrer des femmes de leur communauté, précisément deux épouses de prêtres, qui souhaiteraient se convertir à l’Islam.
Ce sont certainement ces tensions confessionnelles qui ont conduit les musulmans à attaquer une église dans le quartier pauvre d’Imbaba, à l’est de la capitale égyptienne (Le Caire) ce samedi soir. Ils estimaient qu’une chrétienne voulant se convertir y était enfermée. Malheureusement l’Egypte, pays arable le plus peuplé avec ses plus de quatre-vingt millions d’habitants, n’est pas le seul à avoir connu des affrontements de cette nature ces derniers temps. Nous avons aussi le Nigeria, à la différence qu’ici les affrontements interreligieux semblent être devenus un sport national.
Pays le plus peuplé de l’Afrique avec plus de cent cinquante millions d’habitants, la République fédérale du Nigeria est régulièrement touchée par des conflits entre les musulmans, essentiellement dans le Nord, et les chrétiens au Sud. La dernière illustration a été en avril 2011 avec l’élection du Président de la république après la proclamation le 16 avril 2011 de la victoire du Chef d’Etat sortant, Goodluck Jonathan, un chrétien du Sud. La contestation des résultats par le principal opposant, Muhammadu Buhari, a conduit à de violentes manifestations. Selon Civil Rights Congress, une ONG basée dans l’Etat de Kaduna (Nord du Nigeria), une des régions affectées par ces violentes manifestations, ce sont plus de cinq cent personnes qui ont perdues la vie, et seulement trois jours après les résultats. En décembre 2008, d’autres affrontements interreligieux ont causés la mort d’au moins deux cent personnes dans le Plateau de Jos, au centre du pays.
Ces différentes violences viennent monter que nos pays, en plus des nombreux défis pour le développement (infrastructures, éducation et formation, bien-être, emplois,…) auxquels nos autorités doivent faire face, restent aussi confrontés à celui de la construction de nations fortes. L’homme est fait pour vivre en groupe, en communauté, et le principal but de son existence est de vivre en paix le plus durablement possible. Mais comment réussir à créer un équilibre entre la nécessité de vivre avec les autres et le besoin de paix ? Certainement, l’une des réponses est le développement chez chacun de nous de l’acceptation de l’autre et de la tolérance. Pour réussir cette cohabitation, chacun doit faire l’effort de respecter l’autre dans ce qu’il est, et singulièrement dans ses croyances. Parler de respect c’est admettre que chacun (musulman, chrétien, juif, bouddhiste, animiste, non croyant, ou autre) a sa place dans chaque société.
Mais pour que chacun ait une place, il nous faut nous parler, apprendre à nous connaître les uns et autres. Il faut donc dialoguer, non après des affrontements pour tenter d’apaiser la situation, mais de façon permanente et au quotidien. Instaurer ce dialogue n’appartient pas aux responsables politiques ni aux autorités, mais plutôt aux chefs religieux, aux chefs et leaders communautaires, et doit prendre forme dans nos cellules familiales par des messages de levée des barrières et d’ouverture vers les autres.
Nos communautés sont suffisamment mélangées pour justifier aujourd’hui encore des conflits interreligieux. Ils sont nombreux les couples mixtes (différentes religions), les enfants ayant des parents de religions différentes ou ces amis qui vivent sans que leurs différences de croyance ne soit une préoccupation pour eux. Aidons nos sociétés à se construire dans la cohésion sociale la plus solide. Avant d’être musulman, chrétien ou autre, vous êtes d’abord et avant tout soit égyptien, soit nigérian, soit ivoirien, et que sais-je encore. Dans nos différents pays, nous sommes tous ensemble et ne formons qu’un. Vivons dans ce sens.
© UNICEF/NYHQ2010-2304/Susan Markisz /// A gauche, l’Evêque Emérite d’Oslo et modérateur du Conseil des Leaders religieux, Gunnar J. Stålsett, s’adressant aux participant d’une table-ronde de discussion sur la fin des violences contre les enfants, au siège de l’Unicef. A sa gauche, le Grand Mufti du Conseil Suprême des musulmans d’Ouganda et co-modérateur du Conseil Africain des leaders religieux, Son excellence Shaban Ramadhan Mubaje ; et le Président du Comité International des Juifs pour les consultations interreligieuses et du Comité pour le financement des religions et de la paix et Grand Rabbin David Rosen
Pour un enfant, la guerre c’est l’esclavage
Les dernières estimations de l’UNICEF restent inquiétantes et révoltantes. Ce sont plus de trois cent mille enfants, et donc des personnes âgées de moins de dix-huit ans selon l’Article premier de la Convention relative aux Droits de l’Enfant, qui sont toujours engagés dans plusieurs conflits armés. Par engagés il faut comprendre qu’ils sont des soldats, armés, conditionnés pour tuer, mais aussi transformés en esclaves sexuels, cuisiniers, …. Beaucoup de ces enfants soldats le sont devenus après avoir été recrutés par les différentes parties en conflit (gouvernement et forces rebelles) sur l’effet de la force ou sous la menace de représailles.
Malheureusement nous avons aussi ceux qui, après avoir été victime du conflit (proches assassinés ou violentés, villages pillés, …) ou chez qui la haine contre l’autre a été développé, ont décidé de s’engager avec pour seul slogan : si je ne les tue pas, ce sont eux qui me tueront. Dans tous les cas ce sont actuellement plus de trois cent mille enfants qui ne peuvent pas s’amuser, à qui on refuse la nécessité d’apprendre à lire et à écrire, à qui des adultes volent chaque jour l’enfance et la possibilité de se construire des repères qui les aideront à grandir plus facilement dans un monde de plus en plus dur et peu solidaire.
Le plus important n’est malheureusement pas de les sortir des lignes de front, ni de leur prendre leurs armes. C’est celui de les encadrer, de les former, de les aider à se reconstruireafin qu’ils redeviennent des civils et se considèrent eux même comme tel, rejettent la violence qu’ils ont développés comme moyen d’expression et qu’ils ne retournent pas dans les rangs des combattants à la première difficulté. Il s’agit là d’un travail long et difficile mais que de nombreuses organisations, et toutes les personnes qui les composent, réalisent quotidiennementsur le terrain.
Malgré toute ces difficultés, ils sont nombreux ces anciens enfants soldats qui aujourd’hui ont une seconde chance pour se préparer un meilleur avenirmais aussi à leurs différentes communautés, loin des armes à feu. Certains d’entre eux s’engagent même dans l’action pour la fin de ce phénomène et pour l’aide à d’autres enfants soldats. Parmi eux, figure Ishmael Beah.
Ancien enfant soldat en Sierra Leone, il a écrit "[Le chemin parcouru : mémoire d’un enfant soldat]" (http://www.ishmael-beah.fr/site/accueil_site_ishmael_beah_&600&isb01.html), un livre très fort en émotion dans lequel il partage son histoire. Au-delà des passages très durs de sa vie de soldat, mais aussi de scènes plus digestes (tel celle où ses cassettes de RAP lui sauvèrent la vie ainsi que celle de ses amis), au-delà des souffrances personnelles (perte de la trace de ses parents, mort de l’oncle qui l’a accueilli après sa réinsertion dans la vie civile), ce livre-témoignage donne aussi au lecteur une idée des difficultés que rencontrent les Animateurs d’un Centre d’accueil d’ex-enfants soldats, puis montre la détermination et la patience dont ils font preuve dans l’accomplissement de leur travail.
Co-fondateur du Réseau des Jeunes Affectés par la Guerre, membre actif de Human Rigths Watch pour les questions relatives aux droits des enfants, Ishmael Beah est aujourd’hui Défenseur pour l’UNICEF des enfants affectés par la guerre. C’est dans ce cadre qu’il s’est rendu en juin 2010 à N’Djamena (capitale au Tchad) où il a assisté à une [Conférence régionale sur l’abolition du recrutement et l’utilisation des enfants soldats] (http://www.unicef.org/french/protection/chad_53966.html). En visitant l’un des centres de transit pour ex-enfants soldats, un groupe de jeunes garçons lui demanda de transmettre ce message au monde entier : « Pour un enfant, la guerre c’est l’esclavage ». Que pouvons-nous dire d’autre et qui pourrait mieux exprimer la réalité de ce qu’est la guerre pour les enfants qui la vivent de l’intérieur ? Pas grande chose en tout cas.
Aujourd’hui encore, la question des enfants soldats montre que le plus important défi de la protection des Droits des enfants n’est pas de signer ou ratifier les différents protocoles, conventions, déclarations sur les Droits de l’homme en général, et ceux des enfants en particuliers. C’est d’abord et avant tout les efforts que chacun fait pour une meilleure application de leur contenu. Et ce boulot chacun doit y contribuer au mieux. Le premier pas c’est d’en parler et dire que « Enfants » et « soldats » sont deux mots qui ne vont pas ensemble. C’est ce que nous essayons de faire ici.
© UNICEF/NYHQ2010-1153/Olivier Asselin // le 10 juin 2010, un enfant dessine un véhicule militaire dans un centre de transit et d’orientation pour les anciens enfants soldats à N’Djaména (Capitale du Tchad). Il s’agit d’un centre dirigé par l’ONG Care International et bénéficiant du soutien de l’UNICEF.
L’Europe doit-elle accueillir les migrants de la Révolution du Jasmin?
Nous l’avons déjà écrit, et certainement d’autres mieux que nous : née après que Sidi Bouzid se soit immolé le 17 décembre 2010 en Tunisie, et véritable vent de contestation qui secoue depuis lors les pays maghrébins et le Moyen-Orient, la « Révolution du Jasmin » est un processus qui changera forcement le monde arabe quel que soit l’issue dans chacun des pays touchés. Aujourd’hui encore, la situation reste critique dans certains d’entre eux : persistance de la répression barbare et annonce d’un malheureux ultimatum de quinze jours lancé aux manifestants par les autorités en Syrie, refus du Président Saleh au Yémen de signer comme président l’accord à lui proposé par les pays de la région pour une fin pacifique, enlisement de la situation en Libye.
Mais absolument rien ne semble affaiblir la détermination des populations, les jeunes en tête, à conduire jusqu’à son terme cette révolution afin d’aboutir au but visé par ces vagues de protestations sans précédents : un véritable changement de régime et l’arrivée d’un nouvel ordre politique et social dans la région.
Au-delà des différents développements dans les pays touchés, la Révolution du jasmin fait naître un autre combat dans son sillage : celui de la conquête de l’ « eldorado européen ». Les violents combats, les nombreux pillages, la fermeture des universités et autres entreprises causant une montée du chômage et du nombre de jeunes sans occupation pouvant leur rapporter de quoi aider leur familles à vivre décemment, la dégradation de la situation économique, la situation humanitaire inquiétante, … poussent les populations à fait le choix de l’exode vers le vieux continent : l’Europe. Depuis janvier 2011, et quotidiennement, ils sont nombreux ceux qui décident de quitter la terre de leurs ancêtres tout en espérant avoir de l’autre côté de la méditerranée la possibilité de réaliser leurs rêves.
Leur première escale est l’île italienne de Lampedusa, situé entre Malte et la Tunisie. Aujourd’hui, ils sont plus de vingt-cinq mille, essentiellement des jeunes et arrivant pour la plupart de Tunisie et de Lybie, qui viennent taper aux portes de l’Europe. Comme beaucoup de leurs concitoyens africains qui, bien souvent au péril de leur vie, tentent régulièrement de gagner par tous les moyens cette partie du monde, les « migrants de la révolution » espèrent avoir accès à cette partie du monde où tous les rêves sembles possibles de l’extérieur. Mais les choses ne sont pas si faciles.
Face au flux important de ces migrants clandestins, le gouvernement italien a au départ décidé de leur octroyer, à partir du 7 avril 2011, des permis de séjours temporaires pour protection humanitaire. Permis qui leur permettent de voyager dans tout l’Espace Schengen. Il s’agit d’un espace de libre circulation comprenant aujourd’hui vingt-cinq pays : vingt-deux membres de l’Union Européenne (la Bulgarie, la Roumanie et Chypre non compris), en plus de la Suisse, de l’Islande et de la Norvège. La France a vivement réagi face à cette démarche de son voisin italien, affirmant qu’elle n’entendait "pas subir une vague d’immigration". Il faut dire que la grande majorité de ces migrants clandestins veulent surtout se rendre en France où beaucoup ont de nombreux parents, proches ou autres connaissances.
Mais après un sommet bilatéral de haut niveau entre le Président français (Nicolas Sarkozy) et le Président du Conseil italien (Silvio Berlusconi) le 26 avril dernier, la décision d’amender le traité de Schengen a été adoptée. Les deux pays, surtout la France (initiatrice de ce mouvement), veulent autoriser les Etats membres de cet espace à restreindre le principe de la libre circulation et à établir des contrôles aux frontières nationales lors de circonstances exceptionnelles. Cette position de la France a provoqué de nombreuses réactions dans le pays, surtout du côté des associations de défense des droits de l’homme ou d’aides aux migrants et des partis de l’opposition. Tous condamnent un manque de solidarité des responsables français et dénonce une attitude que certains qualifieront d’irresponsables, et d’autres de faire le jeu de l’extrême droite.
Une question se pose donc : faut-il « accueillir » ces migrants de la révolution du Jasmin ? Sans tomber dans la polémique, nous pensons que la réponse est en deux étapes. Tout d’abord, face à l’urgence et à la réalité que nous savons dans les pays d’origine de ces personnes, il est indispensable que les pays européens face jouer le principe de solidarité internationale. Ces gens doivent être secourus et assistés dans les meilleures conditions possibles. Ensuite, pouvons-nous demander, voire exiger que ceux-ci régularisent à bout de bras la situation de ces milliers de personnes qui continuent d’affluer à Lampedusa chaque jour afin de leur permettre, pour ceux d’entre eux qui le veulent (certainement 90% au moins), de refaire leur vie en Europe ? Ce serait idéal pour tout ce monde mais ne soyons pas hypocrites. Ces populations qui ont fui leur pays de résidence habituelle d’avant la révolution sont et restent malgré tout des migrants clandestins. S’il doit avoir régulation de leur situation et que celle-ci se fait au cas par cas, il n’y a rien de vraiment choquant. Si les autorités des différents Etats européens concernés décident de renvoyer dans leurs pays d’origine l’immense majorité d’entre eux, bien évidemment si la situation locale le permet et dans le strict respect de la personne humaine que chacun représente, nous n’avons pas à en rougir. Ces pays ont aussi à faire face à de nombreux défis au quotidien et il faut admettre qu’ils sont en droit de mener une politique d’immigration spécifique à leurs réalités, même si nous pouvons souvent en contester certaines modalités. Tel est notre point de vue.
Creative Commons. Protester tribute to Mohamed Bouazizi
Syria´s Bloody Fridays
For nearly three months now, Friday prayers have become an ominous prologue to bloody deaths across Syria as security forces reportedly met anti-government protests with gunfire.
There was Great Friday, April 22, when at least 75 people were killed. It was said to be the deadliest day since the uprising started. A week later, about 50 people died in another round of rallies dubbed the day of rage. On May 6, the day of defiance, activists said that up to 30 people have been killed. Based on reports of human rights groups and activists, more than 500 people have died since mid-March. News agencies, however, cannot verify this; the Syrian government has banned foreign journalists from entering the country.
For Muslims, Friday is the day of assembly and communal worship, a time for earnest remembrance of Allah. And when the prayer is ended, then disperse in the land and seek of Allah’s bounty, and remember Allah much, that ye may be successful, says a translation of the Quran. In Syria’s tragic case, deadly violence rather than divine bounty has followed Friday prayers.
It started with graffiti: The people want the regime to fall. Fifteen kids, all under 17 years old, wrote these words on a wall in the town of Deraa in southern Syria and they were promptly thrown in jail. Their arrest and imprisonment set off the first in a series of major protests in the country.
Al Jazeera’s timeline of the Syrian unrest tells of protests, clashes and deaths on a daily basis. It also reports moves by President Bashar al-Assad to try to placate the growing opposition: sacking the governor of Deraa, releasing several protesters from detention, lifting the 48-year-old state of emergency. These efforts, however, hardly made a dent in quelling the uprising. It turns out that people tend not to believe you when you say the government “wants to keep up with the aspirations of the people” and then your security forces go and open fire on civilians.
The government has blamed foreign conspirators, armed gangs and criminals, and terrorist elements for the violence. It insists that the advancement of the military into anti-government protest hubs was done in pursuit of extremist groups in the area. It also maintains that troops do not confront protesters. With the government in control of the local media and no foreign journalists to report independently on events on the ground, the Syrian leadership apparently wants the rest of the world to just take their word for it. Meanwhile, news inside Syria is pieced together from reports of activists and raw videos of street protests, gunshots, dead bodies and funerals.
As the government continues to meet the people’s fight for political freedoms with bullets and tanks, it is highly unlikely that violence and death in the streets of Syria will stop anytime soon. How many more days of defiance and rage will result in a tally of casualties? How many more Friday prayers will end in bloodbath?
Photo: Syrian President Bashar al-Assad (Photo Creative Commons)
Non aux enfants kamikazes…
Le 1er mai dernier, le Taliban a fait le choix d’utiliser un enfant de 12 ans en guise de kamikaze pour lancer son offensive de printemps en Afghanistan. Revêtu d’une veste bourrée d’explosifs, l’enfant a déclenché sa bombe dans un bazar de la province de Paktika au sud-est de l’Afghanistan. Bilan de cette opération ? Quatre morts et une douzaine de blessés selon une dépêche de l’AFP.
Aussi choquant que puisse être cet acte, il n’est cependant pas surprenant. On sait depuis longtemps que le Taliban recrute des enfants kamikazes pour servir sa cause. Un rapport de l’ONU datant de 2010 confirme que des cas d’enfants âgés de 13 ou 14 ans utilisés pour commettre des attaques-suicides ou pour poser des explosifs ont été documentés en Afghanistan et au Pakistan.
On sait aussi que les Talibans détiennent des enfants dans des camps d’entraînement et qu’ils les recrutent dans les madrassas (les écoles coraniques). Dans son documentaire « Children of the Taliban », Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy, journaliste d’origine pakistanaise, part à la rencontre de jeunes gens recrutés par les Talibans.
L’un d’entre eux témoigne qu’on lui a d’abord appris à manier un kalachnikov avant de le préparer à mener une attaque suicide. Lorsqu’elle interroge un représentant du Taliban (qui admet recruter des gamins pour des opérations suicides dès l’âge de 5-6 ans), ce dernier explique que « les enfants sont des instruments destinés à accomplir la volonté de Dieu »…
Il y a quelques semaines une vidéo mettant en scène des enfants pachtounes simulant un attentat suicide circulait sur Internet suite à la publication d’un article alarmant sur le sujet dans la presse britannique. Cette vidéo, publiée à l’origine sur Facebook par un internaute originaire du Pakistan qui l’avait trouvé « drôle », a été vue 529 066 fois sur You Tube.
Une analyse publiée sur le site de France 24 considère cependant qu’il pourrait s’agir « d’une manipulation orchestrée par un adulte à l’adresse du reste du monde ». Tahir Imran Mian, producteur pakistanais basé à Islamabad au Pakistan, sollicité par France 24, estime ainsi que cette vidéo pourrait s’adresser aux Occidentaux « pour leur dire qu’une nouvelle génération d’islamistes est en train de se radicaliser pour devenirs de parfaits kamikazes ».
Personne n’est cependant en mesure d’affirmer l’origine de cette vidéo. Reste que le message véhiculé confirme une réalité douloureuse. Facilement manipulés les enfants sont une cible de choix. Selon les estimations de l’UNICEF, 300 000 enfants soldats sont exploités dans plus de 30 conflits armés répartis à travers le monde. Rappelons que le Protocole facultatif à la Convention relative aux droits de l’enfant, entré en vigueur en 2002, interdit la participation d’enfants de moins de 18 ans aux hostilités et que les Etats sont censés tout mettre en œuvre pour empêcher cela.
Une maigre consolation…
Photo Les enfants sont une cible de choix pour les Talibans en Afghanistan © UNICEF/AFGA000319/John Isaac
Du bruit contre le sida
Depuis 12 ans déjà, Solidarité Sida, une association française de lutte contre le sida, organise chaque Eté et le temps d’un week-end le Festival Solidays alliant musique et engagement contre le sida. L’un des objectifs est de rappeler, qu’au-delà des chiffres, la lutte contre le sida a un visage humain et que l’engagement et la contribution de tous sont nécessaires pour une réponse efficace et durable.
Solidays est un festival de musique militant, mais également un moment d’échanges et de sensibilisation sur toutes les questions liées au VIH/sida. C’est également l’occasion d’y présenter le travail que font les associations françaises et étrangères, surtout dans les pays les plus touchés par cette pandémie, sur la prévention, la prise en charge et l’accompagnement des personnes vivant avec le VIH et leurs familles, les enfants et jeunes compris.
J’ai eu la chance de participer à ce festival en 2007 et en 2009. Je reste émerveillé par ces nombreux jeunes qui non seulement donnent une place très importante à ce festival dans leur programme de l’Eté, mais aussi sont conscients que le passe qu’ils ont au poignet contribue à l’action associative. Solidarité Sida, association créée en 1992, soutient aujourd’hui 120 associations de part le monde et le Festival Solidays lui permet de mobiliser une partie des fonds nécessaires pour la mise en œuvre de cette politique.
L’édition 2011 se tiendra les 26, 27 et 28 juin 2011 sur son site traditionnel : l’hippodrome de Longchamp, à l’ouest de Paris. Ce sont 80 concerts qui sont programmés et l’affiche, comme chaque année, tient compte de tous : Peter Doherty, Klaxons et AaRON mettront le rock dans tous ses états quand Aloe Blacc, John Butler Trio, Ebony Bones et Alice Russell feront vibrer les foules avec leur groove sexy.
Côté gros son, Shaka Ponk, Moby et Vitalic viendront enflammer Longchamp à coups d’électrochocs sonores et visuels. En plus, les lauréats des Victoires de la musique seront de la partie cette année : Yael Naim, Stromae, Gaëtan Roussel et Bernard Lavilliers. Enfin, aux côtés des monstres sacrés du reggae, Alpha Blondy et Israel Vibration, retrouvez aussi Mark Ronson, Vitalic V Mirror, Katerine, Cold War Kids, Popof, Cocoon, The Go ! Team, Syd Matters, Yodelice, Patrice, Têtes Raides, The Bewitched Hands, Puggy, Bumcello, Raggasonic, The Joy Formidable, Zone Libre VS Casey, Fool’s Gold, Goose, HK & Les Saltimbanks, Madjo, Nasser, l’Orchestre National de Barbès, Quadricolor.
Participer au Festival Solidays, c’est pour le prix d’un concert, avoir la possibilité de vivre une véritable aventure humaine tout un week-end et de contribuer à l’action associative contre le sida dans les pays les plus touchés au monde. Solidairement.
©Image site de solidays : www.solidays.com – Festival in Love
Liberating Child Soldiers in the Philippines
“Sometimes I wondered whether my bullet really hit somebody. When the shots are fired, you get the hang of it and killing people seems exciting.”
At a time when she should’ve been in high school, Aida (not her real name) was learning how to fire an M16 rifle and move quickly to avoid military raids. She was recruited as a child soldier into the New Peoples’ Army (NPA), the armed group of the local communist movement in the Philippines. She was first tasked with relaying messages from the commander to the field groups and vice versa. She then became a radio operator while also acting as a squad leader.
“Being responsible for other people was distressing. It’s either they die or I die in the crossfire because I am the one leading them,” Aida said. She was one of the five women aged 15-17 who were interviewed by the Quaker United Nations Office for a report on girl child soldiers in 2003.
She seemed to be a brave, strong and intelligent young woman but even then, assuming responsibility for her comrades’ lives was too heavy of a burden for a teenager to carry. Her squad members were actually older than her. She was very familiar, however, with taking on adult duties. While still in second grade, she was already thinking about how to help her mother in providing food for the family. After getting the highest marks in her class, she dropped out of school and worked as a house helper.
Poverty and lack of access to education make children and young people like Aida more vulnerable to recruitment of armed groups like the NPA, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), a rebel group in southern Philippines, and even the government-sponsored paramilitary group Civilian Armed Forces Geographical Units (CAFGU). Faced with no foreseeable opportunities to improve their lot in life, they tend to find a sense of purpose and adventure in being a part of these groups.
Aida learned to read and write while in the NPA. She gained confidence and a stronger self-esteem as she worked on community organizing and recruitment in rural areas. She also found security and belongingness in living closely with her comrades. These are crucial needs that a well-functioning community and a stable and economically secure family life are supposed to provide.
She was captured by government forces when a former comrade surrendered and identified her as an NPA member. She was scared of being raped by military men but she said that she got lucky to have humane captors. Others who were caught were reportedly tortured and killed. While in government custody, Aida admitted that she was still interested in the communist movement and strongly attached to life in the NPA. What she would really want, however, is to go back home and see her mother again.
“I really want to rest and be with my mother… The best is to go home. I have this feeling that I’d be able to forget about the movement… I just want to laugh. I was always crying [when I was in the movement],” she said. In the battlefield, Aida was forced to be an adult but she was very much still just a young girl who wants a piece of her childhood back.
Eight years after Aida’s story was told, the NPA and MILF have finally agreed to develop action plans to remove minors from their ranks. Radhika Coomaraswamy, United Nations envoy for children and armed conflict, announced last April that she has met with Philippine government officials and the communist and Islamist rebel groups to secure commitments on stopping the recruitment of child soldiers.
Armed insurgencies in the Philippines have been running for four decades now. There have been peace talks, all-out wars and skirmishes in between. Amidst all the violence, children have been involved as combatants, refugees and collateral damage. If it took about forty years to get the government and rebel groups to try and do something about child soldiers, how many more decades then will it take to ensure that children will be completely safe from the wars that adults wage?
Photo A child soldier among the rubble. (Photo Credit: Creative Commons)
Guns Instead of Toys
Children should be able to be children, no matter who they are and where from. According to the Convention of the Rights of the Child, adapted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1989, “everyone under the age of 18 (the definition of a child), regardless of gender, origin, religion or possible disabilities, needs special care and protection because children are often the most vulnerable”.
So far the theory, but reality shows a different picture: chances of children dramatically increase or decrease according where they are born and who their parents are. While in Iceland only 2.9 children in a thousand die, in Sierra Leone unbelievable 160 minors don’t survive the first 18 years of their lives (according to the United Nations Population Division’s List).
Not by coincidence Sierra Leone is the country with the highest child mortality rate, being one of the countries that made the headlines way too often for so called“military use of children”. In a bloody fight for power and money that lasted over 11 years, over 50,000 died and more then 2.5 million Sierra Leoneans have been displaced. Children have been forced to fight on all sides: for the RUF, the SLA and the Kamajors.
Child Soldiers were believed to be fearless and easier to manipulate than adults. Not all of the abducted children were used as fighters, others were abused to be porters, spies, messengers, look outs, and sexual slaves.
The Convention of the Rights of the Child also proclaimed that "State parties shall take all feasible measures to ensure that persons who have not attained the age of 15 years do not take a direct part in hostilities." In 1998 the International Criminal Court adapted the decision as an international law, those who fail to obey commit a war crime.
According to the BBC World Service, there is an estimate of 300,000 child soldiers all over the world and the despite of the efforts of several organizations, the number is growing. Some of the countries where child soldiers reportedly are recruited are: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Congo, Sudan, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan or Burma. Military use of children must be stopped in order to give all children the chance to become what they are ought to be: the future of our planet and hope for all mankind.
Photo Credits: Creative Common/ Pierre Holtz / UNICEF CAR / hdptcar.net June 2007, Child in a rebel camp in the north-eastern Central African Republic
Celebrando la muerte mientras se habla de paz....
El pasado domingo 1 de mayo, en una operación de las fuerzas militares estadounidenses en Pakistán, murió Osama Bin Laden, considerado el responsable de los atentados del 11 de septiembre de 2001 en Nueva York y Washington en el que murieron cerca de 3.000 personas. Bin Laden, de 54 años, era el primero en la lista de los más buscados por los servicios de inteligencia de Estados Unidos. Luego de que el presidente Barack Obama confirmara la noticia, miles de personas salieron a las calles de Estados Unidos y otros países del mundo a celebrar con un espíritu festivo y patriótico la muerte del lider del grupo de Al-qaeda.. Tanto es el patriotismo impulsado por la noticia, que incluso se habla ya de la posibilidad de la reelección del presidente Obama tras este gran “triunfo” ….esto sin tener en cuenta las grandes dudas que existen sobre la legalidad de la operación que se llevo a cabo en Pakistán.
Otros presidentes como el primer ministro italiano, Silvio Berlusconi, han considerado que la muerte de Osama bin Laden, es "un gran resultado en la lucha contra el mal".
Más que un triunfo contra el eje del mal, considero que el contexto y la situación actual del conflicto merecen una reflexión más profunda, puesto que las raíces del problema siguen intactas y la situación en Afganistán, tanto como en Irak, están lejos de una solución real. Como señala el periodista Iñigo Saénz: “ Afganistán está en estado de guerra permanente desde 1979 y continuará estándolo después de una retirada de las tropas extranjeras. La incapacidad de EEUU para encontrar un momento en el que declarar la victoria o el fin de la misión, sumada a la debilidad manifiesta del Gobierno afgano, habían aplazado el momento de afrontar la realidad. Quizá ésa pueda ser la mejor consecuencia de la muerte de Bin Laden. Porque el terrorismo en sus distintas formas es tan viejo como la guerra y no concluirá de forma mágica porque Bin Laden haya recibido un tiro en la cabeza.”
Pero de algo si estoy segura, y es que celebro la vida, y no la muerte; es acá cuando recuerdo las palabras de un gran luchador estadounidense por la libertad y la paz, Martin Luther King. Jr.: "Llorare la pérdida de miles de vidas valiosas, pero no me regocijaré con la muerte de nadie, ni siquiera de un enemigo. Dando odio por odio se multiplica el odio, añadiendo una oscuridad más profunda a una noche ya carente de estrellas. La oscuridad no puede expulsar a la oscuridad, solo la luz puede hacer eso. El odio no puede expulsar al odio, solo el amor puede hacer eso”.
Foto: Flickr Ccho - "Celebraciones" http://www.flickr.com/photos/ccho/5678750735/ Creative Commons
Mort d’Oussama Ben Laden : les Etats-Unis peuvent-ils réellement tourner la page du 11 septembre 2001 ?
« U-S-A ; U-S-A » (Vive les Etats-Unis, vive les Etats-Unis) ou encore « Obama got Oussama » (Obama a eu Oussama). Voici entre autres les slogans qu’on pouvait entendre dans la nuit d’hier dans plusieurs rassemblements spontanés dans le pays de l’oncle Sam devant les grilles de la Maison Blanche à Washington, à Times Squares ou autour de la très symbolique zone de Ground Zero (l’ancien emplacement des tours de World Tour Center) à New York. La nouvelle s’est répandue comme une trainée de poudre jusqu’à ce qu’avant minuit le Président américain lui-même, Barack Obama, confirme l’information : Ben Laden est mort.
Il a été tué lors d’une intervention des forces spéciales américaines dans une localité située à quelques dizaines de kilomètres au nord d’Islamabad (capitale du Pakistan). Même si aucune preuve formelle n’a encore été apportée, en dehors des tests ADN qui viennent de confirmer qu’il s’agit bel et bien de Ben Laden, cette mort met fin à une traque qui dure depuis dix ans.
Le mardi 11 septembre 2001 marquera encore longtemps le monde entier et le peuple américain en particulier. A 8h56 mn et 9h14 mn (heures locales côte Est) deux avions de ligne détournés viennent s’écraser à New York dans les deux Tours jumelles, symbole de la puissance économique des Etats Unis : le Word Trade Center. Ces tours s’effondreront une heure plus tard dans un immense nuage de poussière qui persistera durant des jours. Deux autres avions échoueront le même jour respectivement sur le Ministère de la défense, Le Pentagone, et dans une vallée de l’Etat de Pennsylvanie suite à la lutte des passagers avec les pirates : c’est le vol 93. Plus de 3000 personnes vont perdre la vie dans cette attaque sans précédent des Etats-Unis sur son propre territoire.
Trois jours plus tard, en visite sur le terrain, le Président Bush dira cette phrase : « je vous entends, le monde entier vous entend et ceux qui ont mis ces tours à terre vont entendre parler de nous » : c’est le début de la guerre contre le terroriste. Et comme ennemi public N° 1 : Oussama Ben Laden, chef du Réseau terroriste Al-Qaïda qu’il crée en 1988, instigateur de cette attaque en plein cœur des Etats-Unis, après ceux contre les ambassades américaines au Kenya et en Tanzanie quelques années avant. Depuis environ dix ans, les Etats-Unis ont eu quelques succès dans leur « combat contre le terrorisme ».
Mais ce combat a surtout été marqué par des milliers de morts de soldats américains et de ses alliés dans des guerres en Irak et en Afghanistan, des bavures ayant à la fois causé la mort de nombreux civils et contribué à un niveau très élevé de l’anti-américanisme, surtout dans les pays arabes. La mort du terroriste le plus célèbre du monde (Ben Laden) est donc la véritable victoire des américains depuis 2001.
Mais après l’émotion de la mort de Ben Laden salué par la communauté internationale, l’Iran et le Hamas non compris et ce n’est pas vraiment une surprise, il faut revenir à la réalité. La mort de Ben Laden ne signifie pas la fin du terroriste. La menace terroriste était élevée bien avant cette mort et va certainement s’accroître dans les jours à venir. La vigilance est de mise et les différents responsables politiques et militaires du monde entier qui se sont prononcés ont montré qu’ils en sont conscients.
Hillary Clinton, Secrétaire d’Etat américain, lors d’un point de presse tenu ce lundi en fin de matinée (heure côte Est) dira qu’Il est « presque certain » que les terroristes tenteront de venger Ben Laden. C’est dans cette même dynamique que s’inscrit Tarek Farhat, journaliste et écrivain qui a eu l’occasion d’interviewer Oussama Ben Laden au Soudan en 1999, qui sur le plateau d’une télévision française vient d’affirmer qu’il pense que la mort de Ben Laden, et surtout le fait qu’il ait été inhumé en mer, pourrait renforcer la détermination des réseaux djihadistes et conduire à des représailles.
Tourne-t-on la page du 11 septembre 2001 ? Nous croyons qu’il est difficile de le dire. Les nombreux rassemblements spontanés de ces milliers de personnes pour célébrer la mort de Ben Laden montrent à quel point cette nouvelle était attendue par le peuple américain, surtout la population new yorkaise. Mais soyons objectif ! Elles sont certainement les plus nombreuses parmi les familles des victimes du 11 septembre celles qui voulaient qu’on leur explique le pourquoi de ces attentats et peut-être espéraient un semblant d’excuse de leurs bourreaux. Cela supposait que Ben Laden soit arrêté vivant et traduit devant des tribunaux.
Ce qui n’arrivera jamais. En plus, il ne faut pas oublier que le projet de construction d’un centre islamique sur l’ancien emplacement des deux tours jumelles à Ground Zero reste fortement contesté. Comme nous le constatons, dix ans après et malgré la mort de son instigateur aujourd’hui, La blessure occasionnée par l’attentat du 11 septembre 2001 a laissé une grande cicatrice qui semble sensible pour longtemps encore.
Photo Oussama Ben Laden (Source: Wikimedia Commons)
La révolte des jeunes au Moyen-Orient et en Afrique du Nord montre que Ben Laden a échoué
Le leader d’Al-Qaida prêchait la violence et la haine. Les jeunes qui se sont révoltés ces mois derniers luttent contre la tyrannie et la corruption et sont donc au contraire porteurs d’un message d’espoir et de paix.
Au lendemain de l’assassinat de Ben Laden par les forces américaines, Mark Ensalaco, professeur américain, spécialiste des droits de l’homme et expert en terrorisme, estime ainsi que les valeurs qu’incarnait le chef d’Al-Qaida sont en train de mourir. « La révolution des jeunes qui se déroule sous nos yeux en Tunisie, en Egypte, en Syrie, au Yémen, en Lybie ou au Bahreïn, met en scène des jeunes qui sont prêts à risquer leur vie pour mener leur pays sur la voie du changement et choisissent la non- violence pour protester. Sur la place Tahrir, devenue le symbole de la révolution égyptienne, les jeunes réclamaient des emplois et dénonçaient la corruption Ces jeunes sont devenus une source d’inspiration pour le reste du monde», analyse Mark Ensalaco.
Le journaliste français Rémy Ourdan lui fait écho sur le site du quotidien Le Monde. « Les révolutions arabes ont très clairement marqué l’échec de Ben Laden. Il a proposé il y a dix ans aux jeunes musulmans une révolution djihadiste. Or, dix ans plus tard, ceux-ci mènent des révolutions au nom de la liberté et de la démocratie, des valeurs très éloignées de celles d’Al-Qaida », assure le journaliste qui couvre la révolution libyenne pour le quotidien français.
« Cependant, le terrorisme islamique ne disparaîtra que le jour où les islamistes radicaux cesseront de prêcher que le martyr est celui qui est prêt à mourir au combat au nom du djihad. Selon moi, les véritables martyrs sont les jeunes des révolutions arabes qui mettent leur vie en danger pour protester contre les tyrans qui régentent leurs pays », conclut Mark Ensalaco.
Photo Credit: La révolution en Egypte @http://www.flickr.com/photos/magdino20/5472576592/sizes/m/in/photostream/
La Vida no es un Dibujo Animado
En defensa del derecho de los niños y niñas a un medio ambiente sano y seguro, Cartoon Network Latin America y UNICEFse asocian para producir la campaña "La vida no es un dibujo animado". En este video Mandy rezonga a Billy por tirar al suelo una bolsa de plástico, para mostrar la necesidad de usar bolsas de compra reutilizables.
Un enfant de 15 ans, peut-il s’engager dans les affaires politiques de son pays?
Posted by Voices of Youth-user gedeon
Article de Germain Pierre, Jacmel, Haiti Un enfant de 15 ans, peut-il s’engager dans les affaires politiques de son pays? Avant même de répondre à cette question, je voudrais saluer très fort la communauté de “VwaJen”, d’avoir consenti et développé un vrai partenariat dans une perspective de “METE MEN” pour la construction ou la reconstruction d’HAITI. Pour l’année 2010, je profite de cette grande occasion pour dire: “paix et repos à son âme”. L’année de toute sorte de problèmes tels: tremblement de terre, cyclones, cholera, jungle électoral …et j’en passe.
Mes ami(e)s de “VwaJen”, pour ce nouvel an, je vous souhaite une année de paix, de santé et de prospérité pendant que la continuité, le dévouement, le déterminisme et le dynamisme soient votre bannière.
Un enfant de 15 ans selon la loi, n’a pas encore la capacité pour former ses convictions civile et politique, estimant ses capacités de réflexions n’arrivent pas encore à maturité. Cependant, j’estime qu’un enfant de 15 ans a beaucoup plus de maturité, de compréhension qu’un vieillard de 90 ans, de 95 ans qui n’a jamais été à l’école et qui commence à perdre son sens de faire et de bien faire, que ce soit au civile qu’en politique. Or, ces genres de personnes ne sont pas interdites par la loi de remplir leur devoir civique aux élections pour désigner leurs représentants, tandis que, l’enfant de 15 ans qui est en classe d’humanité, qui connait déjà un peu de littérature, d’histoire qu’elle soit française ou haïtienne et autre…accompagnée de l’enseignement civique et morale qui permet à l’enfant de comprendre son rôle en tant qu’acteur et ses responsabilités en tant qu’haïtien se voit frapper d’incapacité pour décider sur leur propre avenir. Ça ne justifie profondément aucune raison.
A cet âge aussi, on a déjà appris à l’enfant ce qu’il faut savoir pour bien servir son pays dont il est le citoyen, qui sont ses compatriotes, ce que veut dire son drapeau, sa patrie, la légende “ l’union fait la force”, encore se voit empêcher de décider sur son propre avenir sous prétexte que l’enfant ne peut discerner le bien du mal, le bon d’avec le faut etc…
La majorité est fixée à 18 ans. Mais, est ce qu’à cet âge on est capable de tout faire? A mon avis, en aucun cas l’âge n’est pas proportionnel à l’intelligence car l’intelligence de Blaise Pascal commençait à percer dès 11 ans d’âges, en faisant des démonstrations mathématiques acceptées pour vrai jusqu’à présent. Donc, « aux âmes bien nées, la valeurs n’attend point le nombre des années ». Finalement, la vie politique d’un enfant peut commencer à 15 ans puisqu’à cet âge, il peut orienter ses parents et ses grands-parents à mieux faire un choix politique basant sur l’avenir, l’éducation et le développement que d’accepter un pot de vin pour donner son vote. Là, un enfant de 15 ans, pourrait-il jouir ses droits civile et politique?
Los Hijos Perdidos de la Dictadura
En su artículo anterior, Camten, usuaria de Voices of Youth, nos relató de los crimenes cometidos en la la dictadura militar argentina y los esfuerzos realizados por los diferentes grupos de Derechos Humanos para desvelar esos crimenes. Tanto la Fundación Madres de Plaza de Mayo y Asociación Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo, trabajan arduamente en identificar a los niños que habían sido secuestrados de sus padres durante esta época oscura de la Argentina.
María Isabel Chorobik de Mariani es una de esas activistas, su hijo Daniel Mariani y su nuera Diana Teruggi fueron asesinados por el régimen militar. Desde ese entonces esta mujer de 83 años busca a su nieta Clara. Esta es la emotiva carta que María escribió para Clara:
Querida nieta,
Soy tu abuela “Chica” Chorobik de Mariani, te busco desde el momento en que Etchecolaz, Camps y su tropa mataron a tu madre y te secuestraron de tu hogar en la calle 30 n 1134 de La Plata, República Argentina. Era el 24 de noviembre de 1976 y tenías 3 meses de edad. Desde ese momento con tu padre te buscamos hasta que a él también lo asesinaron.
A pesar de que trataron de convencerme de que habías muerto en la balacera, yo sabía que estabas viva. Hoy está comprobado que sobreviviste y estás en poder de alguien. Ya tienes 31 años y tú número de documento probablemente sea cercano al 25.476.305 con el que te anotamos. Yo quisiera pedirte que busques fotos de cuando eras bebé y las compares con las que acompañan este texto.
Quiero contarte que tu abuelo paterno se dedicó a la música y yo las artes plásticas: que tus abuelos maternos se dedicaron a las ciencias, que tu mamá amaba la literatura y tu papá era licenciado en economía. Ambos tenían un gran sentido de la solidaridad y compromiso con la sociedad. Algo de todo esto tendrás en tus inclinaciones de vida porque, a pesar de que hayas sido criada en un hogar distinto, uno guarda internamente los genes de sus antepasados. Seguramente hay muchas preguntas sin respuesta que aletean en tu interior.
A mis más de 80 años mi aspiración es abrazarte y reconocerme en tu mirada, me gustaría que vinieras hacia mí para que esta larga búsqueda se concretara en el mayor anhelo que me mantiene en pie, el que nos encontremos.
Clara Anahí, mientras te espero seguiré buscándote.
Te abraza, tu abuela “Chicha Mariani”
Concluyó con éxito la 4º Edición de la Carrera por la Educación impulsada por UNICEF
• Se recaudaron hasta el momento USD 120,000.00 a beneficio de los programas educativos de UNICEF en Argentina. Los fondos recaudados serán destinados a fomentar la autoevaluación en mas de 500 escuelas rurales de todo el país.
• Casi 6,000 personas participaron de la 4° edición de la Carrera por la Educación organizada por UNICEF.
• La cantidad de corredores y el total de recaudación de este año marcaron un nuevo récord en relación a las ediciones anteriores.
Buenos Aires, 13 de marzo de 2011 – El domingo 13 de marzo se realizó en Palermo la cuarta edición de la Carrera por la Educación a beneficio de los proyectos que UNICEF desarrolla en el país.
Minutos antes del inicio oficial, alumnos de la Escuela 4 distrito Escolar n° 2 Amadeo Jacques realizaron una largada simbólica y fueron ovacionados por los casi 6,000 participantes.
Participaron de esta iniciativa Julián Weich, Embajador de Buena Voluntad de UNICEF, Esteban Bullrich, el Ministro de Educación de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Maby Wells, María O’Donell, Marcelo Zlotogwiazda, Sergio Lapegüe, Sebastián Vignolo, el equipo de Disney Leonel Deluglio y Nicole Luis, Tobias Blanco y Luz Cipriota quienes acompañaron y alentaron a todos los corredores.
“La Carrera por la Educación es una oportunidad única para movilizar a las familias a favor de la educación.” afirmó Andrés Franco, Representante de UNICEF. Y agregó “Los fondos recaudados serán destinados a promover la autoevaluación escolar y la generación de proyectos educativos que mejoren la calidad de la enseñanza en mas de 500 escuelas rurales.” A través del Instrumento de Autoevaluación de la Calidad Educativa, del cual ya se beneficiaron más de 300,000 alumnos, UNICEF busca instalar una cultura evaluativa y democrática en las escuelas con plena participación de los equipos directivos,
La jornada concluyó con sorteos, música y mensajes de entusiasmo que enfatizaron la importancia de asistir a la escuela, aprender y promover la educación.
Los participantes recibieron una remera (camiseta) especialmente diseñada para los corredores y contaron con hidratación gratuita, servicio médico, baños químicos, guardarropa y un espacio de juego Mimo&Co para los más chiquitos.














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